Top Tens – Poetry & Literature: Top 10 Poetry (3) e.e. cummings – i carry your heart

 

(3) e.e. cummings – i carry your heart with me (1952)

 

“i carry your heart with me (i carry it in
my heart) i am never without it (anywhere
i go you go, my dear; and whatever is done
by only me is your doing, my darling)”

e.e. cummings – modernist free-form poet, delighting in the sheer exuberance of wordplay, idiosyncratic syntax and punctuation. yes – he even made punctuation sing.

“i fear
no fate (for you are my fate, my sweet) i want
no world (for beautiful you are my world, my true)
and it’s you are whatever a moon has always meant
and whatever a sun will always sing is you”

what earns him god-tier ranking is my love of quips and koans, something i strive to emulate in my own writing – and he was the poet of quips and koans. he has some cracking one-liners – some of my favorites in literature or anywhere.

as in “Buffalo Bill’s” – “how do you like your blue-eyed boy Mister Death”

or “pity this busy monster, manunkind” – “we doctors know a hopeless case if – listen: there’s a hell of a good universe next door; let’s go”

while i was tempted to give the top spot to one of his erotic poems, i chose one of his more conventional – or as conventional as they get – love poems. indeed – perhaps his most classic love poem

“here is the deepest secret nobody knows
(here is the root of the root and the bud of the bud
and the sky of the sky of a tree called life; which grows
higher than soul can hope or mind can hide)
and this is the wonder that’s keeping the stars apart

i carry your heart (i carry it in my heart)”

 

RATING: 5 STARS*****
S-TIER (GOD-TIER)

Top Tens – History: Top 10 Wars (Special Mention) (6) Chinese Revolution & Civil War

Chairman Mao Zedong proclaiming the People’s Republic of China on 1 October, 1949, colorized (public domain image)

 

(6) CHINESE REVOLUTION & CIVIL WAR (1911-1949)

 

That’s right – it’s the other definitive communist revolution, and arguably the true model of communist revolution or insurgency in the Global South.

The fourth of the four revolutions I rank as the god-tier revolutions of history and include in my special mentions for my top ten wars from sheer scale and impact – but also in this case as it was more civil war than revolution.

It naturally follows on from my special mention for the Russian Revolution and Civil War, not least because of the role Soviet assistance played in it but also because it replayed many of the same beats, albeit over a much more protracted period – in at least two phases, or three if you count the initial warlord period.

Of course, the original Chinese Revolution – of which both the two largest warring parties in the civil war, the Communists and the Nationalists or Kuomingtang (KMT) saw themselves as the true successors – the one led by Sun Yat-sen (or Sun Yuxian) that overthrew the Qing dynasty as China’s last imperial dynasty, was in 1911-1912 and hence preceded the Russian Revolution in 1917.

However, as was often the case with the collapse of central state authority in China (or the mandate of heaven), it devolved into the usual competing warlords or warring states from 1916-1927 – in an exotic multi-party battle royale that might be compared to the Russian Civil War at the height of all its chaotic glory.

It even had foreign intervention, albeit on a smaller scale than the Russian Civil War. The Soviets assisted the main warring party, the Nationalists seeking to reunify China under their Republic, as the Soviets saw them as the necessary prelude to socialism. Intriguingly, the Germans also assisted the Nationalists – and more intriguingly, that assistance continued from the warlord period to the first genuine phase of the Chinese Civil War, by both the Weimar Republic and Nazi Germany.

It is intriguing to ponder how world history might have turned out if Nazi Germany had continued to support Nationalist China, but they swapped to the foreign power that ominously loomed over China to exploit its weakness and ultimately was the one to intervene most decisively of all – Japan.

The warlord period is generally considered to have transitioned to the first phase of the Chinese Civil War proper from 1927 “when Chiang Kai-shek led the Socialist-Nationalist two thirds of the KMT’s military forces against Wang Jingwei’s Socialist-Communist/Internationalist third…the first time in the Republic’s history that two organisations with sufficient bases of popular support and military-economic power to potentially unify the country had fought one another”.

Wang Jingwei was subsequently eclipsed by the new Chinese communist leader who became virtually synonymous with the Chinese Civil War and for whom Chinese communist ideology was named – Mao.

However, the Chinese communists did not do too well in this first phase, with effective control of less than a twentieth of the population (compared to the third controlled by Chiang’s Nationalists) and were on the brink of complete extinction. “Their doom was, historians agree, imminent and inevitable” – until they were effectively saved by the Japanese in the Second Sino-Japanese War from 1937.

The Japanese had already indirectly given the Chinese communists some much needed reprieve with their invasion of Manchuria in 1931. In an episode which also showed that some of the warlord period chaos lived on in the Nationalists, the Xian Incident, two of Chiang’s generals kidnapped him to force him to form a united front with the communists against the Japanese.

Chiang subsequently reneged on the united front with renewed hostilities against the communists but the Sino-Japanese War from 1937 forced his hand again to put those hostilities on hold for a second united front against Japan, even if both he and the communists increasingly paid lip service to it in preference to the inevitable renewal of civil war against each other.

Despite the united front, Chiang’s Nationalists bore the brunt of Japan’s war in China, which arguably dealt them their mortal wound in China’s civil war. In 1944, Japan launched its last major offensive, Operation Ichi-go – the last successful offensive by it or any Axis power towards the end of the Second World War and yet largely unknown outside specialist historians – which severely weakened Chiang’s forces (as well as an economy increasingly ravaged by hyper-inflation). In general, “the demands of fighting the war essentially destroyed the KMT’s capacity to function as an administration”.

The civil war resumed “as soon as it became apparent that Japanese defeat was imminent” (at the hands of the Americans) “with the communists gaining the upper hand in the second phase of the war from 1945 to 1949, generally referred to as the Chinese Communist Revolution”.

This again saw foreign intervention along predictable Cold War lines – the Soviets on the side of the Communists and the Americans on the side of the Nationalists.

The Americans were notoriously cautious in their intervention – subsequently giving rise to accusations of “losing” China and communist infiltration of the American government. What is interesting is that the Soviets were equally cautious in their own intervention, perhaps from Stalin’s intuition that a united communist China would be their rival in the long term. Hence the Soviets consistently urged restraint on Mao to accept the north-south partition that was all the vogue in Cold War Asia – between a Communist north and a Nationalist south.

Mao ignored this and the Communists gained control of mainland China anyway, proclaiming the People’s Republic of China. However, the Communists ultimately had to accept a residual partition of a different kind with the Nationalists retreating to the island of Taiwan to proclaim their Republic of China there, as the Communists had no means to pursue them – particularly after the US gave their naval support to Taiwan. That partition of course continued even until today, remaining as a source of tension with no armistice or treaty signed between them.

 

RATING: 5 STARS*****

S-TIER (GOD TIER)

Top Tens – Poetry & Literature: Top 10 Literature (2) Jeremy Leven – Satan: His Psychotherapy & Cure

 

 

(2) JEREMY LEVEN –
SATAN: HIS PSYCHOTHERAPY & CURE BY THE UNFORTUNATE DR KASSLER J.S.P.S (1982)

 

“The truth of the matter is, I am not the Father of Evil…I am not a seducer. Or an accuser. Or a destroyer…But let me tell you something. You never hear of a vengeful Satan, a Satan of wrath, a Satan who brings on pestilence and famine. That’s the other fellow. You should keep this in mind”.

Somewhat loosely a fantasy, but the titular character is primarily a plot device for black comedy and satire – a black comedy of life itself and a satire of religion. A theological version of my top entry and as indelibly planted in my adolescent psyche.

 

The raunchy cover of the edition I borrowed to read in my youth but sadly not the cover of the edition I bought later

 

Although devilishly funny in its entirety, the highlight (and centerpiece) of the book is the seven psychotherapy sessions with hapless psychologist Kassler, agreed by the latter in a literal deal with the devil in exchange for Satan’s revelation of the Great Secret of Life.

I and my sense of religion were never the same after reading this book – and Satan forever changed for me from a supernatural figure of childhood Catholic fear to a more mythic figure of the human condition, as forlorn and lost as any of us.

 

POETRY (DRAMA)

 

No poetry ranking but Leven does earn a drama ranking as an actual screenwriter. Sadly, while his first novel Creator – also a great read – was adapted to a film, this one wasn’t. Which is a pity as it would have made a cracking film.

 

FANTASY & SF (COMEDY)

Given its plot and premise, this book could well be argued to be fantasy – as indeed could all three of his books. And it is one of the funniest books in my top ten.

 

RATING: 5 STARS*****
S-TIER (GOD-TIER)

Top Tens – History: Top 10 Wars (Special Mention) (5) Russian Revolution & Civil War

Montage of photos made during the Russian Civil War – from Wikipedia “Russian Civil War” under licence https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.en

 

(5) RUSSIAN REVOLUTION & CIVIL WAR (1917-1922)

 

That’s right – it’s the communist revolution, as in THE communist revolution. The origin or archetype of all subsequent communist revolutions, which in turn have made the word revolution itself virtually synonymous in modern history with communist revolution.

“Civilization is being completely extinguished over gigantic areas, while Bolsheviks hop and caper like troops of ferocious baboons amid the ruins of cities and corpses of their victims.”

I’ve included the two great eighteenth century revolutions or revolutionary wars – the wars of the American Revolution and the French Revolution – in my god-tier special mentions as wars that made the modern world.

However, they are only two of the four revolutions I rank as the god-tier revolutions of history pursuant to adding the two definitive twentieth century revolutions. I was going to reserve the latter two revolutions for my top ten revolutions but consider that they simply have too great a scale and impact, particularly in the fascinatingly convoluted civil wars fought because of them, to omit from special mentions for my top ten wars.

So following on from my special mentions for the American and French Revolutions, this is my special mention for the third of my four great revolutions or revolutionary wars – the Russian Revolution and Civil War, evolving from and overlapping with the Eastern Front of the First World War.

Whereas the American Revolution and French Revolution had been the vanguard of modern liberalism and nationalism, the Russian Revolution was the vanguard of modern Marxist socialism – literally in the ideology of its chief revolutionary Lenin, for which its strand of socialism came to be named as Marxist-Leninism.

Or in other words, communism, although technically communism was its professed theoretical end state – or rather, end-statelessness, since Marxism proclaimed its ‘temporary’ authoritarian state, the dictatorship of the proletariat, would wither away.

However, the Marxist authoritarian state proved much more durable than Marx had anticipated, particularly the new communist government or Soviet Union that emerged from the Russian Revolution and Civil War.

It also proved to provoke much more fervor, both for and against it, in a manner similar to Marx’s opiate of the masses, religion. I sometimes like to quip about the four great evangelizing or missionary religions in history – Buddhism, Christianity, Islam, and Marxist-Leninism. And of the other three, the Bolshevik revolutionaries in the Russian Revolution and Civil War most closely resembled the militancy of Islam – as observed by Paul Johnson, although Johnson also thought Lenin even closer to Jean Calvin, “with his belief in organizational structure, his ability to create one and then dominate it utterly, his puritanism, his passionate self-righteousness, and above all his intolerance”.

It tends to be forgotten that there were in fact two revolutions in the Russian Revolution, resulting in one of my pet peeves of history with the popular misconception that the Bolsheviks overthrew the Russian monarchy of the Tsar.

They did not. The first revolution or February Revolution did, instituting the new Provisional Government in the style of a parliamentary republic and closer to the liberalism or nationalism of the American and French Revolutions.

What the Bolsheviks overthrew, in the second revolution or October Revolution that is generally remembered as the Russian Revolution, was the first revolution’s Provisional Government – capitalizing (heh) on that Government’s single biggest weakness, the continuation of Russia’s war effort in the First World War.

Surprisingly, the Bolsheviks did this by mostly bloodless coup – at least at the outset. The resistance to their revolution and their reaction to that resistance proved very bloody indeed. The new Bolshevik regime, which ultimately became the Soviet Union, pulled out of the world war but fought a far-flung civil war on an even larger scale. It always seemed to me ironic that Russian war-weariness from the casualties of the First World War played such a large part in the revolution led by the Bolsheviks, only for the Bolsheviks to fight a civil war which involved even more casualties in the former Russian empire than the First World War.

And it’s that civil war which is particularly fascinating, albeit incredibly convoluted, as far removed from the more straightforward civil wars fought (at least largely) between two opposing sides. Instead, the Russian Civil War was what Wikipedia describes as a “multi-party civil war” and what I would describe as an all-out battle royale or pile-up.

Sure, there were the two largest combatants – the Bolsheviks or Reds, and the so-called Whites, “the loosely allied forces” in opposition to the Bolsheviks. Beyond the opposing Red and White Armies, there were the Blacks or anarchist forces, particularly those led by Makhno in Ukraine, and the non-ideological Greens or nationalist forces. Not to mention a Blue Army in there somewhere, rival militant socialists, village peasant factions, Baltic and Caucasian nationalist separatists, Poland, and more.

And beyond them were the foreign forces – the Allies intervening for the Whites or against the Red Army, “whose primary goal was re-establishing the Eastern Front of World War 1” and the Central Powers, chiefly Germany, intervening for the Reds or “rivalling the Allied intervention with the main goal of retaining the territory they had received in the Treaty of Brest-Litovsk with Soviet Russia”.

While the Allied intervention extended to a dozen or more nations depending on how you reckon them, it is another one of my pet peeves of history when people, usually left wing, bring this up as an indictment of capitalist states going all-out attempting to crush “the revolution”. While the Allies no doubt hoped to reopen the Eastern Front and therefore opposed the Reds, they were even less united than the Whites they ostensibly supported, and with a few notable exceptions never committed forces on any decisive scale – mostly more in the nature of a few guys as advisors or sitting around docks to protect them or the materiel they had shipped to their former Russian ally.

Ultimately the Bolsheviks or Reds won against all other combatants, among other things from their greater unity and fanatical purpose, as well as a greater ability to make promises and break them later – particularly the longstanding ability of communists to stab anarchists in the back. “Some historians have determined that the Black Army saved the entire war from the Whites at several points…However, they were betrayed three separate times by the Bolsheviks and defeated finally when they could turn their full force onto them”

 

RATING: 5 STARS*****

S-TIER (GOD TIER)

Mega-City Law: Top 10 Judge Dredd Heroes & Villains (Special Mention – Cities & Judges)

 

Yes – I have my top ten Judge Dredd heroes and villains but as usual I also have my special mentions.

However, there’s a twist. As the world of Judge Dredd is one of distinctive mega-cities and their Judges, I’ve compiled special mentions exclusively in those categories – cities and Judges – as ‘heroes’ or ‘villains’.

Unlike my top ten Judge Dredd heroes and villains, these special mentions aren’t a countdown from tenth to first place. Instead, apart from the first entry for villains, they are simply counted out in chronological order as they were introduced in the comic.

There are some similarities to the top ten list. First and foremost, it’s also a running list – updated to each Judge Dredd Case Files volume as I review them in Mega-City Law, presently up to Case Files 19.

As for their rankings as ‘heroes’ and ‘villains’, that tends to be from the protagonist perspective of Judge Dredd and Mega-City One – which after all tends also to be shared by the writers and readers, at least this reader.

No prizes then for guessing the first special mention as ‘heroes’ goes to the Big Meg and its Judges. Sometimes I rank myself as a citizen of Mega-City One over my actual country. Grud – I love that fictional city!

On the other hand, I had to make an exception to chronological order for the first special mention as ‘villains’ because that entry was simply too distinctive to rank third as it would otherwise by chronological order.

However, even from that protagonist perspective of Dredd or MC-1, the rankings as ‘heroes’ are somewhat tenuous. It’s not just that, as in my top ten, the heroes might be described as anti-heroes at best (a description that also applies to Dredd himself as well as the Judges of Mega-City One). That does apply here as well but it’s also that while Mega-City One does have other cities and their Judges as ‘allies’, those alliances tend to be tenuous. Even the other two American mega-cities, while generally well-meaning towards Mega-City One as formal allies, are (or were in the case of one of them) pretty useless when it came to helping MC-1 out of a crisis.

Back to that reference to writers, there was a tendency for the other cities and their Judges to reflect the positive or negative pop culture stereotypes held by the writers at the time, which in turn is reflected by their ranking as ‘heroes’ and ‘villains” – that is, as ‘good’ cities or Judges allied with MC-1 or otherwise sympathetic,  or as ‘bad’ cities as adversaries of MC-1 or otherwise unsympathetic.

So these are my special mentions for the cities and Judges of Dredd’s world as heroes or villains.

 

 

(1) HEROES: MEGA-CITY ONE 

(CASE FILES 1 – JUDGE WHITEY: prog 2)

 

As I said in my introduction, no prizes for guessing the first special mention for cities and their Judges as ‘heroes’ goes to the Big Meg and its Judges. Sometimes I rank myself as a citizen of Mega-City One over my actual country. Grud – I love that fictional city!

 

It’s also my first special mention consistent with me counting them out in chronological order (with the exception of my first villainous special mention). No surprise there either – after all, we’re introduced to Mega-City One and its Judges from the very first episode of Judge Dredd, although that was the second episode of the 2000 AD anthology comic which published Judge Dredd (as it was not ready for the first episode).

 

Okay, okay – technically Mega-City One was introduced in the first Judge Dredd episode as New York City but that was soon retconned into Mega-City One. The Judges were introduced itself as such, although in these early episodes they were an elite force operating separately from the regular police – again, that was soon retconned into the Judges as the only substantive police and the Justice Department as only substantive government of Mega-City One.

 

Mega-City One needs little introduction other than to note it as one of three coastal American mega-cities that survived the Atomic Wars through their laser missile defense systems and effectively assumed the mantle of government of the former United States – separately from each other in their own respective territories.

 

As for that territory, Mega-City One was the super-urban agglomeration of the cities of the east coast or Atlantic seaboard, sprawling from Canada to Florida. To its west (from the Great Lakes on) was the Cursed Earth, the radioactive (and mutated) badlands to which the American heartland had been reduced by the Atomic Wars. To its east, the Black Atlantic – to which that ocean had been transformed by the Atomic Wars and other pollution. Its population was originally identified as 100 million (in The Day the Law Died) but that was retconned immediately after that epic to 800 million to match its simultaneously post-apocalyptic but dystopian nature as an overcrowded wretched hive of scum and villainy.

 

However, that has proved somewhat fluid in the comic to suit the writer’s tastes – most dramatically when the city was effectively halved by the Apocalypse War both in population (to 400 million) and in area from New Hampshire to North Carolina.

 

As for its Judges, particularly Dredd as its leading Judge, they need little introduction as well, except perhaps to note that he is the Law!

 

Judge Dredd, the Judges and Mega-City One are effectively our protagonists in the comic, so it’s not surprising that they’re my first and foremost hero entry – and it’s essentially from their perspective we see other cities and Judges as ‘heroes’ or ‘villains’.

 

 

(1) VILLAINS: DEADWORLD – DARK JUDGES

(CASE FILES 5 – JUDGE DEATH LIVES: prog 224)

 

The crime is life! The sentence is death!

Yes, yes – the Dark Judges are my top Judge Dredd villain, foremost among them of course Judge Death, but I also have to feature them as my first special mention for cities and Judges, albeit their ‘city’ is a world in a parallel dimension, Deadworld. As a complete inversion of Justice Department, encapsulated in their judicial condemnation of life itself as a crime, they are infinitely more villainous than even the most villainous mega-city or Judges on Earth. Much like Sabbat’s zombie apocalypse, all mega-cities are essentially allies against against death itself in the form of the Dark Judges – indeed, you root for the Sovs in Deadworld’s version of the Apocalypse War against the nascent Dark Judges.

You know who they are. The Dark Judges – Judges Death, Fire, Fear and Mortis – are essentially the Four Horsemen of the Apocalypse in the Judge Dredd comic (except of course for the actual Four Horsemen of the Apocalypse that featured in End of Days).

 

 

(2) HEROES: MEGA-CITY TWO

(JUDGE DREDD CASE FILES 2 – THE CURSED EARTH: prog 61)

(R.I.P. JUDGE DREDD CASE FILES 17 – JUDGEMENT DAY Meg 2.04)

 

Alas Mega-City Two – we hardly knew ye!

 

Although probably for good reason – it was essentially a carbon copy of Mega-City One, just on the West Coast or Pacific seaboard, California’s mega-city (albeit it extended up the Pacific coastline north of California as well).

 

So obviously the writers decided it had to go – the Judge Dredd comic wasn’t big enough for two Mega-Cities that were basically indistinguishable.

 

Sure – Mega-City Two seemed a somewhat nicer place to live from what little we saw of it, if only because the Pacific is not as poisonously polluted as the Black Atlantic, so that Mega-City Two had open beachfront.

 

And sure – the Mega-City Two Judges appear somewhat laxer with enforcing their authoritarian police state, which usually translated to Mega-City One Judges seeing them as characteristically useless. No wonder Mega-City Two didn’t survive the zombie apocalypse of Judgement Day – and was nuked accordingly!

 

There’s not much more to say. I seem to recall Mega-City Two may have been mentioned even as early as the episodes compiled in Case File 1 – my recollection is there’s a reference to them as one of the triumvirate of American mega-cities for the colonies on the moon in Luna-1 – but the definitive introduction to it for me will always be The Cursed Earth, the storyline in which it had the most plot relevance. Even there they were pretty useless – to give more stakes to Dredd’s Cursed Earth mission to deliver a vaccine to them, without which they would have gone under even back then.

 

Mostly however, readers and writers of Judge Dredd tended to forget there even was a Mega-City Two on the West Coast, with only the occasional reminder popping up that they were there being useless, such as when they were being useless to help Mega-City One in the Apocalypse War. Indeed, so occasional that you could probably count the occasions on the fingers of two hands.

 

 

 

(2) VILLAINS: EAST MEG ONE & EAST MEG TWO – SOV JUDGES 

(SOV JUDGES: CASE FILES 1 – THE FIRST LUNA OLYMPICS: prog 50)

 

 

Gruddamn I love the Sov Judges! The best Dredd antagonists, barring my first special mention of course – collectively and individually, with enough of the latter for their own top ten.

 

And yes – I said the same thing when I featured them as my second top Judge Dredd villains, but like the Dark Judges and Deadworld, I have to feature them in my special mentions for cities and Judges. 

 

The Sov Judges were introduced early in the comic – indeed in the Luna arc compiled in Case Files 1 – as the most persistent recurring antagonists of Mega-City One, perhaps the obvious choice as such given their introduction and their main epic The Apocalypse War were written prior to the fall of the Soviet Union. Subsequent storylines seem to redress this as some sort of neo-Soviet revival, perhaps as part or a result of the Atomic Wars.

 

The Sov Judges are also the most effective recurring adversaries of Mega-City One, wiping out half the city in the Apocalypse War (albeit their own city East Meg One was wiped out, leaving East Meg Two) and almost the other half in the Day of Chaos.

 

I always loved the look of the Sov Judges, with all their Soviet paraphernalia of which Stalin himself would be proud – they just look so damn cool! Indeed, there are times when I think they look cooler than their American Mega-City One counterparts.

 

 

 

 

(3) HEROES: TEXAS CITY

(JUDGE DREDD CASE FILES 4 – THE JUDGE CHILD QUEST: prog 160)

 

The third of the triumvirate of coastal mega-cites as successors to the former United States – and the other surviving American mega-city after Mega-City Two was destroyed in Judgement Day.

 

Yes, yes – Texas City was mentioned as early as the Luna-1 story arc in Case Files 1 but we don’t really get a good look at it until The Judge Child Quest.

 

The oldest ally of Mega-City One – although that accolade doesn’t seem to count for much, with Texas City doing very little to help Mega-City One in any of the latter’s crises and doing quite a bit to hurt after Chaos Day, attempting a coup in the latter. It didn’t take and Mega-City One was able to coup them right back, substituting its Psi-Judge Lewis as Chief Judge of Texas City (by perpetually mind-blanking those who encounter her to think she’s the Chief Judge).

 

 

Its Judges have uniforms that are essentially the same as those of Mega-City One but with the Wild West or cowboy iconography to match Texas City itself – Stetson hats instead of helmets and Lone Star belt buckles.

 

 

 

(3) VILLAINS: CIUDAD BARANQUILLA / BANANA CITY

(JUDGE DREDD CASE FILES 13 – BANANA CITY: prog 623)

 

Notoriously the most corrupt and casually brutal mega-city in Judge Dredd’s world – hence its derogatory nickname of Banana City and their delight “whenever they get one over on El Norte” or Mega-City One, albeit the latter usually consists of taking in a ex-Judge or citizen, credits in hand of course.

Despite an actual city of that name in Colombia, perhaps reflecting the original intention for its location, it’s in Argentina corresponding to a conurbation from Buenos Aires, perhaps reflecting the revenge of Judge Dredd’s British writers for the Falklands War.

Its Judges are the face of the city’s corruption and casual brutality, barely maintaining the presence of law enforcement as they effectively auction off ‘justice’ for bribes or payments. Interestingly, like Mega-City One they use the eagle for visual icon – which their Judge Supremo Bastista took to extremes with his gold or gold-plated eagle suit.

Somehow they survived the zombie apocalypse of Judgement Day, surviving when two other South American mega-cities went under – perhaps a tribute to a streak of ruthlessness amidst their corruption and casual brutality.

 Arguably the most flamboyant uniforms of any Judges, more akin to something for Carnivale or Mardi Gras.

 

 

 

(4) HEROES: BRIT CIT

(JUDGE DREDD CASE FILES 10 – ATLANTIS: prog 485)

 

Yes of course the British writers (and artists) of the Judge Dredd comic were always going to have a British mega-city and its Judges – I mean, the name Brit-Cit just writes itself.

 

And of course they were always going to feature Brit-Cit and its Judges among the good guys as one of Mega-City One’s best and oldest allies – indeed, perhaps the only one to actually do anything to help during one of Mega-City One’s recurring crises. Well, as good as the good guys get in Judge Dredd, even if only by criteria of Mega-City One ally – as that alliance has been very tenuous at times.

 

The Brit-Cit Judges are similar to those of Mega-City One in design, except with the British lion on their helmets instead of the American eagle on their shoulders.

 

 

(4) VILLAINS: SINO-CIT

(JUDGE DREDD CASE FILES 19 – WAR GAMES: prog 854)

 

Although Sino-Cit 1 and Sino-Cit 2 had previously been referenced, we had to wait for their first appearance – or at least I remember it as their first appearance, because it was so striking. I mean, really – what’s not to love about it, in the few panels we saw the Chinese or Sino-Cit Judges, with uniforms rendered in superb art by Paul Marshall. Of course, by then it was Sino-Cit 2 (the southern Chinese mega-city) as Sino-Cit 1 (the northern Chinese mega-city) had been overrun by zombies in Judgement Day and nuked.

I mean, just look at them! Those uniforms come very close to knocking off those of the Sov Judges and Mega-City One Judges from their pedestal as my favorite. But for the fact that we don’t see them again for many episodes (as I have difficulty recalling their reappearance in the regular episodes) and then only after changing their uniforms, they might well be my favorite Judge uniforms.

I believe that they toned down the uniforms – which is frankly outrageous. If anything, they should have toned them up! But they’re perfect as they are. I note that there appears to be two regular Judge uniforms and one in a more senior or commanding position, although both uniform designs are in the red and yellow designs of the present Chinese flag.

As for the regular Judges, there’s the helmets styled in the traditional conical Asian design. The dragons as shoulder pad similar to the eagle for Mega-City One Judges. The Chinese characters which I presume to be their name, similar to the badges for Mega-City One Judges. The only issue I have is the shuriken belt buckles – which are a bit too much and also a potential source of injury.

The senior or commanding Judge has a similar coloring and design – but with some big boss shoulder pads going on and a dragon helmet. He also has skulls on his collar and badge, suggestive of perhaps a similar role to the SJS in Mega-City One, as well as a giant Chinese character on his chest.

They also have the yin-yang symbol on the back of their uniforms.

As for their role as villains or antagonists within Judge Dredd, that matched the real world publication dates of the comic – with their first appearance to suggest that they might overtake the Sov Judges as Mega-City One’s antagonists in the 1990s, they gradually evolved into more subtle antagonists to rival the Sovs, matching the real world rivalry of the United States and China.

 

 

 

 

(5) HEROES: OZ – SYDNEY-MELBOURNE CONURB

(JUDGE DREDD CASE FILES 11 – OZ: prog 545)

 

Hands down the best place to live in the twenty-second century, even more so than the twenty-first century.

 

No, seriously.

 

As usual, how other mega-cities were portrayed in Judge Dredd reflected the sensibilities of the British writers, particularly in pop culture – and British comics writers in general were enamored of 1980s and 1990s Australiana. It showed in Tank Girl. It showed in 2000 AD in general – Grant Morrison has Zenith quip about not wanting to miss Neighbours. And it showed here with how Oz is depicted in Judge Dredd, although it has the unfortunate side effect that twenty-second century Australia seems culturally frozen in the 1980s and 1990s.

 

 

The primary mega-city of Oz is the Sydney-Melbourne Conurb, not surprisingly given Australia’s present urban concentration between those two cities – although the map of Oz shows other cities among some strange geographical features. My personal favorite is the Radback, the Oz counterpart of the Cursed Earth.

 

 

As for the Oz Judges, they’re bloody legends! While casual and relaxed, they’re also competent and tough when the chips are down – without being over the top about it like the Mega-City One Judges. They are also the most reliable of Mega-City One’s allies.

 

 

In uniform design, they’re a cross between present Australian police uniforms – with caps instead of helmets – and biker leathers. So…not unlike Mad Max and his colleagues in the first film, but with shorts – aptly enough for Australia’s weather.

 

 

(6) HEROES: HONDO CITY

(JUDGE DREDD CASE FILES 12 – OUR MAN IN HONDO: prog 608)

 

The 22nd century Japanese mega-city was perhaps almost as inevitable as Oz, Brit Cit, or even Mega-City One itself – given that it was written at the height of Japan’s economic and technological rise, when Japan looked to observers to potentially eclipse even the United States itself. It also coincided with Japan’s booming pop cultural influence, not least one suspects on the British writers of Judge Dredd, hence its positive depiction.

 As for Hondo City’s Judge-Inspectors, they have a uniform – as well as mindset and culture – to invoke the appearance of samurai.

 “Unlike foreign Judges, they wear no badge with their name on; their names are printed on the rising sun symbol on their uniforms, viewable only through the visor on another judge’s helmet, with the intent that the citizens see justice as one entity rather than a group of individuals.”

 

 

(7) HEROES: EMERALD ISLE – MURPHYVILLE

(JUDGE DREDD CASE FILES 15 – EMERALD ISLE: prog 727)

 

Top o’ the morning to you!

Garth Ennis may have written 22nd century Ireland and its Judges such as Judge-Sergeant Charlie Joyce as literally the butt of an Irish joke – but I like them. They were subsequently written more seriously – well as serious as Judge Dredd gets for dystopian SF satire – with Charlies’ son Fintan Joyce emerging as a heroic character aiding Mega-City One and Dredd after Chaos Day.

As for their uniforms – they “are highly distinctive, with the top being a “trenchcoat” rather than the biker leathers of most forces. The green and white colouring (with orange bits) is based around the Irish flag”.

 

 

HONORABLE MENTION

 

My honorable mention roll call of mega-cities or their Judges that have been mentioned or referenced in the Judge Dredd comic (in chronological order) but without much more than that bare mention or reference – or at least without being featured in the same depth as my special mention entries.

 

 

(1) LAS VEGAS

(JUDGE DREDD CASE FILES 2: THE CURSED EARTH – prog 79)

 

I came close to ranking this among my special mentions for villainous cities and judges, but it really doesn’t have much presence apart from its appearance in The Cursed Earth epic. The house always wins, except against Judge Dredd. And what presence it did have…it doesn’t have any more as it was subsequently nuked by Judge Death. The house doesn’t win against Judge Death either.

When introduced there, post-apocalyptic Las Vegas has metastasized into a city entirely based on gambling ruled by the Mafia. So…pretty much the same as PRE-apocalyptic Las Vegas, amirite? (Although I’m not sure how it works in the absence of any national or international tourism).

As for the Vegas Judges, they had uniforms of the same appearance as Mega-City Judges, but with dollar signs emblazoned on their chests, and with stereotypical Italian accents. When Dredd demands to see the Chief Judge – and his request is corrected by Vegas Judges to refer to the God-Judge. Sigh.

 

(2) PUERTO NOVA

(JUDGE DREDD CASE FILES 8: JUVE’S EYES – prog 414)

 

The twenty-second century version of Puerto Rico – mentioned as the origin of immigrants to Mega-City One, although presumably that’s internal migration as I’d assume MC-1 still administers it as the successor to the United States (in the Atlantic at least).

 

(3) RUHR CONURB & EURO-CITY

(JUDGE DREDD CASE FILES 9: MIDNIGHT SURFER – prog 425)

 

Apparently the former Germany is the site of four twenty-second century city states, with the Ruhr Conurb first mentioned as the city of origin for skysurfer Klaus Reich in Supersurf 7 held illegally in Mega-City One. The other three city states are Frankfurt, Munich and Berlin Conurb – the last (and possibly all other German city states) being subsequently retconned as part of Euro-City, a mega-city incorporating a number of city states from former West European nations (apparently including Paris and other cities in France as well as Belgium, Italy and Spain). We get a glimpse of Euro-City as where international hitman Jonni Kiss is hanging out in prog 830 compiled in Case Files 19.

 

(4) CAL HAB

(JUDGE DREDD CASE FILES 10: THE ART OF KENNY WHO – prog 477)

 

A.k.a the Caledonian Habitation Zone or 22nd century Scotland, administered by Brit-Cit but sufficiently distinct to earn its own entry here – I first it recall it as the origin of artist Kenny Who, would-be migrant to Mega-City One.

 

 

(5) INDIA – CALCUTTA, DELHI, INDO-CITY & BHOPAL

(JUDGE DREDD CASE FILES 11: OZ – prog 554)

 

Apparently the former India is the site of four twenty-second century city states, with Calcutta first mentioned as the city of origin for skysurfer Ghostman Patel in Supersurf 10 held in Sydney-Melbourne Conurb in the Oz epic. Bhopal is subsequently mentioned in the Song of the Surfer. We actually see a Judge from Delhi or Nu-Delhi – Psi-Judge Bhaji – on secondment to Mega-City One in the Inferno epic. The uniform is similar to the Mega-City One uniform, but with a shoulder pad design based on the Indian flag. Indo-City pops up subsequently.

 

 

(6) MEX CIT

(JUDGE DREDD CASE FILES 13: IN THE BATH – prog 626)

 

Mex-Cit or at least its Judges may have been depicted as early as the Luna-1 story arc back in Case Files 1, where Judges Che and Chico were depicted in similar uniforms to Texas City Judges but with somberos. However, it wasn’t exactly clear until Mex-Cit was first mentioned in prog 626 – as the city of origin for migrants to Mega-City One who had the misfortune to pick Dredd’s apartment for a crime – and shown in prog 649 as a venue for medical tourism from Mega-City One – for a human brain transplant into a Rottweiller body.

 

(7) PAN-AFRICAN JUDGES

(JUDGE DREDD CASE FILES 17: JUDGEMENT DAY)

 

The first glimpse we get of the various Pan-African polities is Swift Unuru, the Pan-African skysurfer in Supersurf 10, but the Pan-African Judges were introduced in the Judgement Day epic compiled in Case Files 17 – they attended the mega-city conference held in Hondo City but without anything to say who they were in comic’s narration. Which is fortunate as the comic retconned their uniforms subsequently.

 

(8) ANTARCTIC CITY

(JUDGE DREDD CASE FILES 17: JUDGEMENT DAY)

 

Like the Pan-African Judges, they attended the Hondo City conference in Judgement Day – anonymously as far as the comic’s text was concerned. Again, their uniforms were subsequently retconned.

They and their city are dodgy as hell – Antarctic bank accounts are famed as the twenty-second equivalent of Swiss bank accounts for international criminals – but that only pops up later.

 

(9) BRASILIA, SOUTH-AM CITY & DJAKARTA

(JUDGE DREDD CASE FILES 17: JUDGEMENT DAY)

 

RIP Brasilia, South-Am City & Djakarta – we barely knew you!

 No, seriously – we didn’t know them at all until they were mentioned as three of the five cities (along with Sino-City 1 and Mega-City 2) that were overrun by zombies in Judgement Day and nuked.

 South-Am City was apparently in Chile. How they were overrun and those bozos in the Pan-Andean Conurb survived is beyond me.

 

 

(10) BANGKOK & CASABLANCA

(JUDGE DREDD CASE FILES 17: JUDGEMENT DAY)

 

Again barely mentioned in Judgement Day sending what seemed to be final broadcasts before all cities were overrun by zombies but Dredd saved the Day. “This is Bangkok – Sawah dee Kap” and “Casablanca – guess this is the end of a beautiful friendship!”

Sigh for the latter – yes, they were paraphrasing the film Casablanca, which I’m sure was foremost in the minds of its twenty-second century government.

 

Top Tens – Poetry & Literature: Top 10 Literature (3) Douglas Coupland – Generation X

 

(3) DOUGLAS COUPLAND –

GENERATION X (1991)

“Kind of scary, kind of sexy, tainted by regret. A lot like life, wouldn’t you say?”

Popularized the term Generation X with its title, as well as numerous other neologisms.

McJob – “a low-pay, low-prestige, low-dignity, low-benefit, no-future job in the service sector. Frequently considered a satisfying career choice by people who have never held one”.

Or ‘veal-fattening pens’ for office cubicles. Or ‘pull-the-plug, slice-the-pie’ for the “fantasy in which an offspring mentally tallies up the net worth of his parents”. I wonder if my mother still pops in here – hi, Mum!)

Essentially a latter day Canterbury Tales on the eve of the second millennium – a framed narrative of a story-telling contest by a group of youths of the titular generation and varying dysfunction.

 

POETRY (DRAMA)

 

No poetry ranking as he hasn’t written any poetry, although he does get lyrical in his prose. He does earn a drama ranking as he has written screenplays – although ironically not for this novel, which would seem to be eminently suited to stage at least.

 

FANTASY & SF (COMEDY)

 

Coupland hovers on the edge of fantasy and SF – at least in some of the stories his characters tell here. While not the most comedic entry in this top ten, he does have a dry comedic style.

RATING: 5 STARS*****
S-TIER (GOD-TIER)

Top Tens – Poetry & Literature: Top 10 Literature (4) Peter Carey – Bliss

 

(4) PETER CAREY –

BLISS (1981)

“Harry Joy was to die three times, but it was his first death that was to have the greatest effect on him”.

More than a touch of fantasy – or “magical realism” as they call it in literary fiction.

Indeed, almost my favorite subgenre of fantasy, posthumous fantasy, with that first death of Harry Joy. He gets better.

But his ‘afterlife’ takes a turn for the worse.

“Written as a dark, comic fable, the story concerns an advertising executive, Harry Joy, who briefly ‘dies’ of a heart attack. On being resuscitated, he realizes that the life he has previously drifted amiably through is in fact Hell – literally so to Harry”

Resonant with mythic and symbolic imagery – one of the biggest influences on my own imagination. Not to mention one of two Australian entries in my top ten – publishing his works through the University of Queensland Press, no less.

 

POETRY (DRAMA)

 

I don’t know about poetry but Carey earns my drama ranking for the film adaptation of Bliss in 1985 as something of a cult classic, albeit award-winning (in Australia). It has subsequently been adapted to stage.

 

FANTASY & SF (COMEDY)

 

Yes – Carey earns my fantasy ranking, for that aforementioned touch of (posthumous) fantasy or magical realism.

Not the most comedic entry in my top ten but Carey also earns my comedy ranking for his dry black comedy.

RATING: 4 STARS****
A-TIER (TOP TIER)

Top Tens – Poetry & Literature: Top 10 Poetry (4) Alfred Lord Tennyson – Ulysses

 

(4) ALFRED LORD TENNYSON –

ULYSSES (1842)

“I mete and dole
Unequal laws unto a savage race,
That hoard, and sleep, and feed, and know not me”.

Well there’s a job description for you!

Alfred Lord Tennyson – archetypal poet of Victorian literature and poet laureate.

And his Ulysses – poem in blank verse and dramatic monologue. Dramatic monologue to whom is not clear, but by whom is of course the classical hero of Iliad and Odyssey, Odysseus, or as the Romans called him, Ulysses.

Companion poem to his similarly Homeric “The Lotus Eaters” but complete opposite in tone and thought – where “The Lotus Eaters” resists the heroic call to action for slacking off and, well, eating lotus (because we’re just so wasted, man), “Ulysses” accepts it and indeed issues it

“Some work of noble note, may yet be done,
Not unbecoming men that strove with Gods.
The lights begin to twinkle from the rocks:
The long day wanes: the slow moon climbs: the deep
Moans round with many voices. Come, my friends,
‘Tis not too late to seek a newer world”

Tennyson often tended to the heroic, particularly in the Victorian mold – which can stick in the modern craw a little, as with “The Charge of the Light Brigade” (although it is damn fine poem and eminently quotable). Even Ulysses has been accused as “part of the prehistory of imperialism” and admittedly its protagonist does sound a little like a “colonial administrator”

However, Ulysses is particularly effective – and emotive – as that last call to heroic action, literally riding (or sailing) off into the sunset in one’s own twilight.

“We are not now that strength which in old days
Moved earth and heaven, that which we are, we are;
One equal temper of heroic hearts,
Made weak by time and fate, but strong in will
To strive, to seek, to find, and not to yield”.

RATING: 4 STARS****
A-TIER (TOP TIER)

Top Tens – Poetry & Literature: Top 10 Literature (5) John Birmingham – He Died with a Felafel in His Hand

Poster of the 2001 Australian film adapted from the novel, directed by Richard Lowenstein (and distributed by Roadshow Entertainment) and starring Noah Taylor

 

(5) JOHN BIRMINGHAM –

HE DIED WITH A FELAFEL IN HIS HAND (1994)

 

I haven’t just read He Died with a Felafel in His Hand – I’ve lived it!

JB was first published in Semper Floreat, student newspaper at the University in Queensland, where he studied law among ‘rat-faced bastards’ who wouldn’t lend him their notes. Damn law students!

Fortunately he did not graduate to become a lawyer but instead became a published writer with his 1994 share-house living memoir He Died with a Felafel in His Hand – an eclectic gonzo collection of “colorful anecdotes” about living in increasingly squalid share houses in Australia and with increasingly dubious housemates (included the titular deceased felafel-holder).

And not just any writer – Australia’s own gonzo writer in the style of Hunter S. Thompson, albeit without the trunk full of acid and other drugs (or at least, not quite full).

 

POETRY (DRAMA)

 

No poetry ranking as such, but he does score my drama ranking – with Felafel adapted into the longest running stage play in Australian history, a cult film in 2001 and a graphic novel. It was also arguably adapted as its own sequel The Tasmanian Babes Fiasco, which was less a sequel than a more straightforward linear narrative fictionalization of the original (or ‘remake’).

 

FANTASY & SF (COMEDY)

 

Birmo scores high in my fantasy & SF ranking, as of late he’s taken to writing highly entertaining SF thrillers (including the so-called Birmoverse) and space opera.

Also one of the outright comedic entries in my top ten.

 

RATING: 4 STARS****

A-TIER (TOP TIER)

 

Top Tens – Poetry & Literature: Top 10 Poetry (5) William Butler Yeats – The Second Coming

William Butler Yeats photographed by Alice Boughton in 1903

 

(5) WILLIAM BUTLER YEATS –

THE SECOND COMING (1919)

 

“Things fall apart; the center cannot hold”

The Apocalypse according to Yeats, which sees Christianity winding down (or is that up?) and something else about to take its place. Something not pretty – something with a lot of apocalyptic chaos and violence, drowning out the innocent and good.

“The best lack all conviction, while the worst
Are full of passionate intensity”

Well that or he predicted the internet.

And like any good apocalypse, the focus is its beast, modelled on Great Beast of the Apocalypse, or as I like to call it, that sixy beast. Spoiler alert – it’s the sphinx. Or some kind of apocalyptic Godzilla-sphinx, as featured in the most famous lines of the poem.

“And what rough beast, its hour come round at last,
Slouches towards Bethlehem to be born?”

RATING: 4 STARS****
A-TIER (TOP TIER)