Top Tens – History: Top 10 Empires (8) Ottoman Empire

Map of Ottoman Empire in 1683 by Chamboz for Wikipedia “Ottoman Empire” licensed under https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

 

(8) OTTOMAN EMPIRE (1299 – 1922)

The empire that conquered Constantinople and besieged Vienna – twice.

As the latter, the last non-European empire to invade and conquer significant parts of Europe (unless you count the Americans or Soviets), although Vienna was their high water mark – and as the former, the power that finally conquered (and saw itself as inheriting) the last of the Roman Empire.

Ironically, the Ottomans often resembled the Roman Empire, firstly in its rise from one of numerous non-descript warring tribes on a peninsula, albeit the Anatolian rather than Italian peninsula (although as further irony, the Romans traced themselves from that peninsula as well, with their mythic origin from Troy). And secondly, in its tenacity in decline.

It is also intriguing how much of the origins of modern history might be traced to the looming presence of the Ottoman Empire in Europe and the Mediterranean – such as the discovery of the New World from seeking to find alternate trade routes to Asia and so on.

The rise of the Ottoman Empire rivals the conquests by the Arab caliphates it ultimately replaced in predominance in the Middle East – and indeed replayed much of the same history. The Ottoman Empire may have lacked the range and speed of the Arab conquests, although it made up for that in the extent to which it invaded and conquered within Europe.

With its conquest of the Byzantine Empire (as well as Constantinople as its newly conquered capital) and control of the Mediterranean basin, the Ottoman Empire was a transcontinental empire at the crossroads of Europe, Asia and Africa for six centuries.

Egypt was of course the jewel in the crown of their African empire – but it extended westwards from Libya to Morocco (and briefly into the Atlantic with the Canary Islands), becoming the basis of the fabled Barbary corsairs or pirates which even fought the United States, although these were only nominally under Ottoman control. The Ottomans also extended southwards to the Horn of Africa – and into naval wars in the Indian Ocean.

In Asia, they inherited the caliphate and its predominance in the Middle East, extending south through the Arabian peninsula, although held at bay by a resurgent Persia under their own Turkic Safavid dynasty.

And in Europe, they conquered the Balkans, extending to Crimea with the Crimean Khanate or Tatars, successors to the Mongol Golden Horde, as their vassal state, and also reached to the heart of Europe to besiege Vienna. Although apart from its defeats when besieging Vienna, it encountered significant holdouts or resistance elsewhere – Croatia, Dracula or Vlad the Impaler, Venice and the naval Battle of Lepanto.

It faced its waning tide of decline in the aftermath of its second defeat at Vienna, steadily losing its conquests in the Balkans even as it was propped up by Britain against Russia, resulting in it being styled as the “sick man of Europe” in the nineteenth century – somewhat overconfidently, as the Allies were to find out in WW1, although ultimately it collapsed in that war.

 

DECLINE & FALL

Ironically, the Ottomans might be compared favorably to the Romans they supplanted in their tenacity in decline. They did not endure for so many centuries as did the Romans – but then modern history moves a lot faster.

Of course, they were helped by European powers propping it up against each other, particularly Britain propping it up against Russia.

And against the apparent odds, they and their predominance in the Middle East endured until the First World War – and they might well have endured beyond that if they had remained aloof from that war and not chosen the losing side. Even in that war, they proved a resilient adversary, and even in defeat, they cast a long shadow – historian J.M. Roberts refers to most wars in the Middle East thereafter as the wars of Ottoman succession, up to Iraq’s invasion of Kuwait.

THE OTTOMAN EMPIRE NEVER FELL

On the other hand, their imperial core Turkey, to which they were shorn after the First World War, has also had a remarkable resurgence, rebounding almost immediately after its defeat from that war against further incursions, and newly emerging as a regional power in the Middle East, extending its influence and military presence through much of its former imperial territory

THE SUN NEVER SETS

Well, the sun did literally set on the Ottoman Empire in pure geographic terms – for example, it did not extend as far eastwards into Asia as its Arab caliphate predecessors. However, it can properly be ranked as a world empire in its influence, extending across three continents and reaching even further beyond that.

EVIL EMPIRE

As I said, the Ottomans get a lot of historical hate from certain circles – but sadly, I do have to rank them highly in the evil empire stakes. To be honest, I don’t know quite how brutal they were in maintaining their conquests, but they were notorious for their patronage of piracy and slavery, particularly through the Barbary corsairs.

What earns them their high ranking in evil empire stakes is their actions against ethnic minorities in the empire’s dying days – notably the Armenians – that gave the definition to genocide in the twentieth century

RATING: 4 STARS****
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Top Tens – History: Top 10 Wars (8) Mongol Conquests – Mongol Invasion of Europe

The Battle of Legnica (Liegnitz or Wahlstatt) on 9th April 1241 during the first Mongol invasion of Poland – copper engraving by Matthäus Merian the Elder 1630 (public domain image – Wikipedia “Mongol Invasions and Conquests”)

 

(8) MONGOL CONQUESTS –
MONGOL INVASION OF EUROPE (1236-1242)

The Mongols were essentially a horse blitzkrieg across Eurasia, achieving a mobility and speed on land, exceeded only by modern mobile warfare using the internal combustion engine.

The horse blitzkrieg was a recurring feature mounted (heh) by nomadic herding tribes, particularly by those from the steppes of central Asia, to such devastating effect against more sedentary or settled agricultural states throughout history. I can’t resist the memorable quote by the Pax Romana Youtube channel that “history is mostly a matter of hoping those psychos on horseback don’t attack this summer, steal the grain and take the slaves”.

None were more supremely effective at it than the Mongols, one of the most proficient and versatile military forces in history – one that was also supremely adaptable at coopting its conquered people for further conquests and for strategies of war beyond their horse blitzkrieg. It’s surprising how small the actual Mongol component was of their forces.

The founder of the Mongol Empire – Temujin, better known as Genghis Khan – was the best military and political leader of his era, or arguably any era. He succeeded in unifying the Mongol tribes as the nucleus of his empire, which at his death stretched from northern China through Central Asia to Iran and the outskirts of European Russia. In doing so, the Mongols conquered glittering states along the Silk Road in central Asia that barely anyone remembers because the Mongols wiped them out so thoroughly – the Khwaraziman Empire of Iran and the Qara Khitai.

However, it is the wars of his successors that are particularly fascinating to me as they advanced into almost every corner of Eurasia.

In the Middle East, they besieged and sacked Baghdad, the center of Islamic power for half a millennia, occupying as far as parts of Syria and Turkey, with raids advancing as far as Gaza in Palestine, where they were stopped in the battle of Ain Jalut by the Mamluks of Egypt.

In East Asia, the Mongols did not face a unified China but two warring states, the Jin in northern China and the Sung in southern China. Genghis had largely defeated the former – his successors finished it off and conquered the Sung as well. The latter was most famously by Kublai Khan – and in Xanadu did Kubla Khan a stately pleasure dome decree.

The Mongols also invaded Korea, Burma and Vietnam. It’s interesting to think of the Mongol Vietnam War, which as Vietnam Wars usually go, resulted in defeat for the Mongols. It’s also interesting, given the definitive horse blitzkrieg of the Mongols, that the Mongols launched naval invasions of Java and Japan, but perhaps not surprisingly neither did well – the latter giving rise to the Japanese word kamikaze or divine wind for the storms that scattered the Mongol invasion fleets.

However, I’m giving this entry to the campaigns of his successors most familiar to me from my Eurocentric perspective – the Mongol invasion of Europe, commanded in the field by one of the best Mongol generals, Subutai. The Mongols rolled over European Russia – over much of which they would remain ruling as the Golden Horde until the fifteenth century – and invaded central Europe, decisively defeating Poland and Hungary.

They were poised to strike into the heartland of Europe and the Holy Roman Empire, indeed raiding the latter (and the Balkans), with little to stop them but the English Channel – but fortunately for Europe, the Great Khan Ogedai died, so the Mongol armies withdrew back to Russia while their leaders returned to Mongolia to select the new Great Khan. Or so the story goes – historians vary on whether that was the true cause for the Mongols to desist from their invasion.

Even so, the Mongols continued to cast a long shadow of terror into Europe, reinforced by further raids in the thirteenth century (such that the raids of the 1280’s are sometimes styled as the second Mongol invasion) and fourteenth century.

And traumatizing Europeans with steak tartare, based on the popular legend of Mongol or ‘Tartar’ warriors tenderizing meat under their saddles and eating it at night after it had been ‘cooked’ by the heat and sweat from the horse.

ART OF WAR

Forget Sun Tzu – the true Art of War was written by Genghis Khan and the Mongols…in conquest. A friend and I used to observe the irony of Sun Tzu’s Art of War originating in China – a country that historically has gotten its ass kicked as often as not. (The same irony for Machiavelli’s The Prince originating in Italy – a country known for its political chaos).

But seriously – an army that conquered the world clearly excelled in the art of war. Ruling their conquests on the other hand…although in fairness any empire that size at that time was doomed to fragmentation.

WORLD WAR

The Mongol Conquests were nothing short of what should be described as a world war to create the largest contiguous land empire in history, and one that is still only exceeded by the British Empire – perhaps the most serious contender for the first true world war.

STILL FIGHTING THE MONGOL CONQUESTS

One of the few wars we’re not still fighting, even though we live in a Mongol-made world. The rising Russian state, with long memories of the Golden Horde, saw to that by conquering the steppes and various residual khanates (into the nineteenth century), but arguably inheriting their legacy and former territory as the new horde.

GOOD GUYS VS BAD GUYS

History has tended to overlook the positive or even progressive aspects of the Pax Mongolica – but it is also difficult to cast them as good guys, given the destruction they wrought, exceeding even the Second World War relative to world population.

RATINGS: 4 STARS****
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Mega City Law – Judge Dredd Case Files 18

 

JUDGE DREDD CASE FILES 18:

Progs 804-829 / Megazine 2.12-2.26

(1992-1993 / Mega-City One 2114-2115)

 

 Case Files 18 continues the Dark Age of Dredd but without any epic stories like Judgement Day in Case Files 17.

 

On the bright side, that should make it quicker to get through, but there are some highlights despite the absence of an epic.

 

Mechanismo introduced a longer story arc which had its debut in the Megazine and continued in the episodes in subsequent volumes. It also provides the cover image for the Case Files 18 volume but doesn’t really grab me. More like Meh-chanismo, amirite?

 

It seemed too drawn out over too little, particularly from the perspective of current episodes where robot Judges are routine in MC-1, so it’s hard to see what all fuss was about for Justice Department attempting to introduce them here.

 

We see a return of Irish Judge-Sergeant Joyce as it’s his turn to visit MC-1 (as opposed to Dredd visiting Murphyville in the Emerald Isle storyline in Case Files 15). It’s an entertaining heist-type story – or rather post-heist shenanigans, as Joyce is there to retrieve some Irish perps seeking sanctuary with their gangster brother in the Big Meg. Sadly, after having boosted Joyce into a cooler character in Judgement Day, Garth Ennis brings his own creation back down to being the butt of the joke here.

 

We also see a return of the recurring epic storyline of PJ Maybe, as he resurfaces in PJ & The Mock Choc Factory. Yes – PJ does Willy Wonka, and as, ah, homicidally as you’d expect. Well, more so than the original Willy Wonka.

 

Otherwise there’s some entertaining or interesting episodes. Kinda Dead Men fleshes out – heh – the aftermath of Judgement Day. A, B or C Warrior is my favorite single episode in Case Files 18, with the usual absurdist black comedy I like and Dredd as deadpan snarker.

 

 

JUDGE DREDD CASE FILES 18:

INNOCENTS ABROAD (progs 804-807)

 

“Go to Mega-City One…bring back them O’Dilligan brother hallions”

 

That pretty much sums up the post-heist shenanigans of Innocents Abroad. That and “a couple of Emerald Isle scumbags are on the run in the Big Meg”.

 

Essentially the reverse of the Emerald Isle arc, except now it’s Judge Dredd escorting Irish Judge Joyce around Mega-City One to retrieve two Irish perps – the Sons of Erin they ain’t.

 

At least Case File 18 starts with a bang – my favorite longer arc (4 episodes) in this volume, although the competition is not particularly stiff for that accolade here. It’s a good romp – a bit of a Lock, Stock & Two Smoking Barrels vibe to it before that film’s time – essentially involving three Emerald Isle elements on collision course.

 

The first of those elements is Judge Joyce, assigned the mission because of his previous involvement with Dredd back in the Emerald Isle arc in Case Files 15. Sadly, Joyce is not having the luck of the Irish – the running gag of this arc with Joyce as butt of the joke, and after all that work writer Garth Ennis put into boosting up Joyce, his own creation hailing from his homeland, into something more than a joke character in Judgement Day…only to return to Joyce as the punchline of his own Irish joke here.

 

Anyway, as one can see from the panels here, Joyce’s bike breaks down in the Black Atlantic tunnel, which sees him literally hitch a lift to Mega-City One, arriving three hours late for Dredd waiting for him at Customs.

 

 

Meanwhile, it doesn’t get much more Irish than O’Dilligan’s Nightclub – used by Mickah O’Dilligan as cover for his “shady little racket”. Also – add McSod’s Syndrome to the list of diseases you do NOT want to get in MC-1.

 

And McSod’s Syndrome is what Mickah O’Dilligan, second of the three Emerald Isle elements on collision course in this arc, is looking right down the barrel at in the test results from his doctor “Davy”.

 

“It’s non-contagious, but it accelerates and mutates your cell growth to a drastic degree and your body undergoes certain…er…changes”.

 

I love Mickah’s incredulous response at seeing those “changes” in some sort of medical text – where the subject’s torso is transformed into a monstrous lump partly swallowing up their awkwardly protruding limbs and head:

 

“Changes? You’re telling me!”

 

As, ah, Doctor Davy tells him though, there is a cure – and one that completely nullifies the virus. The only problem is it’s gold – not easy to come by in MC-1, and worse he only has a few hours to get it before his disease manifests itself.

 

On the bright side, Mickah does at least outlive his doctor – “Davey, this is terrible bad news…so I’m shootin’ the messenger” – but as for that gold, Mickah has the luck of the Irish. Enter the third of our three elements from Emerald Isle…

 

 

“Did…did you say gold?”

 

The luck of the Irish as Paddy and Francie O’Dilligan just happened to rob a bank of the gold their brother Mickah needs right now. And I mean right now – as in the next few hours.

 

Yes – it’s the third element from Emerald Isle on collision course in this arc, Mickah’s prodigal brothers on the lam from Emerald Isle in the Big Meg.

 

Mind you, Mickah is initially not pleased to see them, having just learnt that McSod’s Syndrome is about to turn him into “a lump of boke” – yes, I looked it up and apparently boke is a Scottish word for vomit – and now his prodigal brothers turn up out seeking sanctuary. It doesn’t help that they used to beat him up “when we were wee”.

 

What does help (after a brief segue to Judge Joyce getting the hang of a Mega-City One Lawmaster – or rather not getting it) is when they tell Mickah they didn’t just rob the bank, but they robbed of it of gold, just what the late doctor Davy ordered as cure for Mickah’s McSod Syndrome. And just in time too as Mickah only has a few hours before onset. Well that’s convenient – and conveniently timed. It really is the luck of the Irish for the O’Dilligans but it’s all downhill from here…

 

Yo Ennis! Why are you doing your boy Joyce dirty like this, turning him into the recurring butt of the joke here after boosting him in Judgement Day?

Ennis makes him a complete horn-dog here, including the obligatory cracking on to Hershey that every foreign Judge seems to do. Looking at you, Sov Judge Brylkreem.

Mind you, it only makes Joyce more legendary to me, particularly as he proves to be quite the ladies’ man. Not so much for Hershey of course – “are you for real?” – but certainly in the MC-1 club scene at O’Dilligans. It’s the accent, you see – “Where’d you get an accent like that, handsome?”

Dredd and Joyce are at O’Dilligans to hunt down the O’Dilligan brothers on the run from Emerald Isle, but that’s where the club owner Mickah steps in and hides them – not for any brotherly love, but for their promises of the gold they robbed from the bank and Mickah so desperately needs to cure his McSod’s Syndrome.

It doesn’t take a lie detector for both Dredd and Joyce to see that Mickah is lying to them about not seeing his brothers – not that Dredd uses one anyway but instead is waiting to catch all three brothers, Mickah included for the criminal racket he runs from the club.

That’s when Dredd spies a trivial infringement of the law – drinking from cans rather than plastene cups – and goes to town on a group of rowdy male patrons, while Joyce gets up to his shenanigans with the ladies. Sadly, Joyce is interrupted when Dredd shots one of the patrons for pulling a gun, blasting his headless body on to the table Joyce is sharing with the ladies.

Dredd’s almost as hard on Joyce as he is on the patrons when Joyce apologizes “Ah! Sorry, mate — just meetin’ folk, y’know?” – “Around here we call it dereliction of duty, Joyce. Lucky for you, you’re not on the force.”

Sheesh – lighten up, Dredd! Around here, we call that c*ckblocking!

Anyway, that sees Dredd and Joyce return to the Justice Department sector house, which is where Joyce cracks on to Hershey and Dredd plans his sting for the O’Dilligan brothers – just as they are going to pick up the gold…

 

 

One does not simply wade through Innocents Abroad without special mention for the Oxypool. I love these snippets of 22nd century life in MC-1 – a swimming center with water so oxygenated that human lungs still work in it.

Apart from yet another future fad in Judge Dredd, it’s also where the O’Dilligan brothers hid their gold from their bank robbery – although how they smuggled the gold through the notoriously draconian Justice Department Customs into Mega-City One, let alone into the Oxypool, is not answered. Although I can’t help but agree with their answer to Mickah’s question as to why – “Why not?”. The Oxypool is cool.

And here is where it all goes down for our boys from Emerald Isle – Dredd executes his sting to snare all the O’Dilligans, while Mickah O’Dilligan shoots open the locker where they stashed the gold but for which they had forgotten the combination. “Let’s try number forty-five , shall we?”

Mickah then pulls a fast one on his brothers to shaft them of their share of the gold, even though they’d already agreed to give him 80% for helping them escape. “What’s all this we business?”

Really, Mickah? Apart from shafting your brothers, you’ve already talked them down into giving almost all the gold anyway and you don’t have time for fight over the rest as your McSod’s is about to pop…

 

 

“It’s the Law, creep!”

I just can’t resist a good panel featuring Dredd using a variant of his catchphrase, featured here as he brings the sting on the O’Dilligans to its conclusion.

Paddy and Francie take the opportunity presented by the Judges descending on the Oxypool to get away from their brother Mickah with a good kick in the groin (from Paddy) – “pick the bones outta that one, Mickah!” – prompting Mickah’s McSod’s Syndrome to explode into full grotesque deforming bloom. What did I tell you Mickah about trying to screw over your brothers? You knew you only had a few hours and you wasted time with your shenanigans. Also…after shooting your doctor, did you actually know how to use the gold to cure your McSods? I mean, presumably you can’t just rub the ingots on you or ingest them in that form. Really, Mickah may mock his brothers for their stupidity but he didn’t seem to go about any of this the smart way. It’s like they’re all one big Irish joke…

 

 

“If they won’t leave quietly, they leave in a bag! Blow ’em away!” – Judges Dredd and Joyce finally corner the O’Dilligan brothers and their gang.

And it’s time for Innocents Abroad to wrap everything up in this fourth episode. Let’s just say it doesn’t end well, at least for everyone from the Emerald Isle, although Judge Joyce gets to go back home, if somewhat worse for wear.

Mickah O’Dilligan comes out the worst. Already transformed into a monstrosity by McSod’s Syndrome running rampant in full stage – “Holy dear blessed mother of Grud” as Judge Joyce exclaims, the good Catholic lad that he is, or “Oh…my…drokking…Grud!” as a female poolgoer recoils at the sight of him – Dredd takes him out with an incendiary round. Mickah throws himself into the oxypool – but the fire “positively thrives in the highly oxygenated water”.

Oh – and as the three O’Dilligan brothers are caught between two Judge units (the second headed by Hershey), not to mention each other, they fumble the gold into the Oxypool. It was probably a little late for that cure for McSod’s by then – although we never see what happens to the gold after that. One might hope the Judges retrieve it to return to the Irish bank Francie and Paddy O’Dilligan robbed it from but the odds are just as good for those Mega-City One citizen swimmers in the pool to have swiped it.

Speaking of Francie and Paddy O’Dilligan, Judge Joyce is hot on their tail as they flee the Oxypool, less one brother and all their gold – but they still have some fighting Irish spirit left as they jump him on his Lawmaster on loan from Mega-City One Justice Department. Joyce is very much a beginner on a Lawmaster and quickly loses control of it.

That sees the Tek Judges “still scraping bits of the O’Dilligans off the sked” – and while Joyce comes out of this whole Emerald Isle fiasco best, he’s still going home in plaster casts and a bad mood towards MC-1.

“As far as I’m concerned, you can stick your mega-city up your – ” and fortunately the last boarding call of the flight to Murphyville cuts him off.

“So much for friendly international relations” Dredd muses as they watch the flight depart from their Lawmasters – something of a recurring gag whenever Dredd is sent on a mission to or involved with another mega-city, which strangely enough often includes diplomatic missions given that Dredd is perhaps the last person Justice Department should choose for skill in diplomacy.

Hershey observes the obvious – “Yeah. Old Joyce didn’t exactly have the luck of the Irish”. To which Dredd characteristically replies – “Tough”. See what I mean about that diplomacy?

 

 

JUDGE DREDD CASE FILES 18:

THE KINDA DEAD MEN (prog 816)

The Magic Mellow Out (progs 808-809)

Raider (prog 810-814)

Christmas with Attitude (prog 815)

 

Surprisingly, the only episode to directly deal with the immediate aftermath of Judgement Day’s global zombie apocalypse.  Also Happy New Year 2115 -” and so, the Meg begins a year in which the dearly departed may not have actually departed…and the workers at resyk find themselves issued with pump-action shotguns”.

In this case, we see Sabbat’s head still on the lodestone where Dredd stuck it – fortuitously “not much left of his mind” at this point – but “energies will inevitably leak from the stone and cause…um…unusual phenomena on a planetary scale” – “though this should only occur infrequently”.

This begs a few questions. Well, a few more than the question posed by the obvious reference for the MC-1 Justice Department’s Chief Tek’s name, Oppenheimer.

Although that prompts one of the questions – given Oppenheimer’s role in the Manhattan Project, one wonders why there isn’t something similar here? That is, why isn’t Mega-City One trying to harness – or weaponize – this mystical energy “on a planetary scale”?  Of course, that might be what Oppenheimer’s preliminary report to Chief Judge McGruder is about here.

Also in fairness McGruder and Mega-City One are probably wary of screwing with something that caused the global zombie apocalypse that almost overwhelmed them and everyone else. Although it does beg another question of why the other mega-cities seem content to sit back and don’t want in on this, if not to monitor Mega-City One studying the stone then at least as some joint international (or rather inter-city) project to monitor the stone itself and its potentially dangerous energy, including the leaks that occur in this episode. Particularly as the lodestone is in the middle of the Radlands of Ji, essentially the Asian mystical badlands equivalent of the Cursed Earth beyond any mega-city – a neutral no-man’s land or no-city’s land.

One would have thought at least Hondo City – the nearest mega-city and the one most intimately involved in Judgement Day – would have been involved in a joint project with Mega-City One, if not also East-Meg-Two or Sino-City Two, the other major powers both wary of Mega-City One and also close to the Radlands of Ji. (There’s also teasing references to other minor cities in proximity – Kathmandu, Lhasa, Samarkand – and I think there may be some Mongolian polity).

Oppenheimer introduces his report by noting that “Sabbat is still secure”, which begs the question of why they just leave his head on the lodestone. Surely he’d be more secure elsewhere – or even better off dead without the mystical energy of the lodestone keeping his head alive – particularly as who’s to say his apparent mindlessness isn’t just some magical dormancy or trance on his part, waiting his opportunity to strike again? I mean his head shouldn’t be alive anyway but it is – I’d say you couldn’t be too careful with a galactic time-travelling necromancer turned demi-lich. It at least begs the question of how and why he is apparently mindless after what at most is a few months when he survived by magic without needing his body for years. Or at least why they don’t have some more security measures, such as a remote-activated bomb in his head like they do with the Suicide Squad.

For that matter, it begs the question of why Mega-City One hasn’t tried to flip the center of earth’s mystical power back from the lodestone to Mega-City One itself – which is where it was as few years back and where they could either study or secure it at more convenience to them. Remember that was the whole point of that Warlord storyline back in Case Files 9 (set about seven or so years previously), with the Warlord coming to Mega-City One for that reason – the center of earth’s mystical energy was in Mega-CIty One. Chief Judge McGruder at least should remember – it was why she resigned for the Long Walk in her first term of office.

Anyway, you guessed it – at least one of the effects of those energies leaking from the stone is to reanimate the dead, albeit on a more limited basis. You’d think that might have something to do with the necromancer’s head still on the stone so all the more reason to remove it. Perhaps they did, as I don’t recall it or these energy leaks in subsequent episodes.

So the storyline involves a citizen, who alternates between retaining something of his former consciousness and being a flesh-hungry mindless zombie, both as a result of those energy leaks as he should be neither, having had a fatal heart attack about two weeks back. He attends a New Year’s Eve party but fortunately Dredd is present to stop him chowing down on the guests – although Dredd is sadly too late to have stopped him chowing down on his wife and pet dog before going to the party.

Dredd solves the problem in his usual manner – with a bullet through the walking dead man’s brain, making him a fully inert dead man for resyk, hence the episode’s closing narration.

As for the episodes I skipped over:

  • The Magic Mellow Out (progs 808-809) – apparently a parody of a famous 1960s British children’s TV show The Magic Roundabout, Dredd be tripping when he has to secure the titular amusement park after its guests became violently deranged from a leak of hallucinogenic gas in much higher quantities than authorized. Eric Thompson, the creator and narrator of the TV series, is name-dropped for the block near the amusement park
  • Raider (progs 810-814) is a five-episode story arc featuring the titular ex-Judge (it’s his surname) and former Academy of Law classmate with Dredd (or more precisely the Dredds, Rico and Joe). Ex-Judge that is, as he left the force for a woman (and also as Dredd reminisces, he was “a bit of a dreamer”). Sadly, she died in his arms in the Apocalypse War. However, knowing his weakness, Dredd reintroduces undercover Judge Lola Palmtree to ensnare him. He proves a little too wary for that but by this time has become caught up in vigilante justice of his own against one of Mega-City One’s ganglords, a little like that Cadet turned rogue in The Executioner and ending in the same way, a lost gunfight with Dredd – although here Raider had previously equalled Dredd as a fellow cadet at the firing range but is outdrawn by Dredd in this gunfight. As Raider sadly says, probably expecting to be bested by Dredd with the latter’s forty years as a street Judge, “what else have I got?”
  • Christmas with Attitude (prog 815) replays Charles Dicken’s A Christmas Carol, but here the attempts of Eb Skrooj at redemption after a supernatural vision sees his goose cooked instead – or more precisely him cooked as the Christmas goose by the McKratchit family.

 

 

 

JUDGE DREDD CASE FILES 18:

SNOWSTORM (prog 819)

The Craftsman (prog 817)

Ex-Men (prog 818)

 

“Sweetex! Those spugging drokkers cut this with sweetex!”

Yeah – that’s my reaction to artificial sweeteners as well.

It’s more of a big deal in the Meg as sugar is, well, a big deal – a big criminal deal as analogy for cocaine.

I have a soft spot for these sugar as cocaine stories in Judge Dredd, although it begs the question of what happened to actual cocaine (or any other contemporary illicit drug).  Sugar even shares one of the same nicknames as cocaine – snow, hence the titular snowstorm for a big shipment in “a city desperate for the sweet taste of a snowstorm”, with the suppliers known as snowman or snowmen. Consistent with the cocaine analogy, we get a reference to the Andean Conurb as the ultimate source of the snowstorm here. There’s been a reference to the Andean Conurb before – at least as the home city of Hector and Dave, the Flying Gonzo brothers in Supersurf 10 back in the Oz epic – but here we see it tied more closely into the illicit sugar trade. We’ll see a much closer and unfortunately stereotyped look at the Andean Conurb before the Dark Age of Dredd is over in The Sugar Beat – let’s just say Grud knows how it survived Judgement Day when other mega-cities did not.

Anyway, the story writes itself. Up and coming snowman Vinnie Touretto does a deal, tasting the product, interestingly in porridge, an “old trick” as the “only way to be sure” – “that’s primo drokkin’ cane, alright”. Unfortunately, his suppliers also did the old trick of giving him a good bag among the rest of their cut product – but Touretto took another old trick as precaution of putting a tracer in their cash payment. So he prepares to hunt them down but Judge Dredd gets him first and uses the tracer to get the Andeans too – but “there’s still a hell of a lot of snow to be shovelled off the streets”.

As for the stories I skipped over

  • The Craftsman (prog 817) is a somewhat ho-hum episode about yet another serial killer in Mega-City One. Seriously, I think the Meg has a disproportionate number of these serial killers popping up among its citizens, possibly just as a hobby from the sheer boredom and brutality of their everyday life. Although in this case the killer – Nigel Bland – does have some sort of gainful career or hobby as a “vidder”, host of “Hey – Let’s Make Things” for plasteen carving, which I can’t help but feel was some sort of British TV reference at the time, same for the name reference of Steve Atkinson for the block where Bland resides.
  • Ex-Men (prog 818) features not so much a pun on X-men but are essentially hitmen as suicide bombers, usually conscripted from citizens driven to desperation with nothing to lose (as here from terminal illness and a need to provide financially for their families). We saw exploding hitmen before in the Emerald Isle epic, but there it was to stop them being captured rather than the actual means of assassination as here.

 

 

JUDGE DREDD CASE FILES 18:

PJ & THE MOCK-CHOC FACTORY (progs 820-822)

 

PJ Maybe does Willy Wonka! Or rather – PJ Maybe kills Willy Wonka. And once again runs out of luck with Judge Dredd catching up with him – and punching him in the face now that he’s turned 18.

 

Yes – everyone’s favorite juvenile genius serial killer is back in this three-episode arc. One of Dredd’s most enduring and successful antagonists – particularly in terms of going undetected by Dredd or giving him the slip – PJ Maybe owes much of that success to his genius, even if that genius tends to be a three-trick pony of robotics, face-changing machines, and the hypnotic drugs SLD 88 or 89. But as engaging as he is as a character, you have to admit that he owes a lot of his success to being one lucky SOB. (Metaphorically that is, his parents were very nice people, totally oblivious to his evil nature – and it was sad to see them go in Necropolis, even the psychopathic Maybe felt their loss).

 

Even with his luck, PJ’s problem is like that of a gambling addict – he just doesn’t know when to walk away in a winning streak but instead keeps coming back to the table expecting to keep winning against the house. And in Mega-City One, the house is Justice Department – with Dredd as its chief enforcer.

 

PJ Maybe’s luck ran out with Dredd before when he killed one person too many – rival of his parent’s billion-dollar business (that they unknowingly inherited from him killing his mother’s family members), Alger Hoss, ironically by accident rather than design as he was attempting to frame Hoss for criminal business dealings using a robot double. Dredd caught up with him – having failed to detect him due to his youth and his playing dumb – and detained him in a psych-cube.

 

PJ bounced back with another lucky streak during Necropolis – managing to escape the psych detention facility as Justice Department collapsed into chaos and the Judges were controlled by the Sisters of Death. Just when that luck seemed to run out with his parents killing themselves from their despair of the Dark Judges, he had even more luck when their billionaire family friends, the Urchinsons, took him in. Naturally, PJ killed Junior Urchinson and Mrs Urchinson (the latter with some more luck given her suspicions of him) before assuming Junior’s identity courtesy of a face-change machine and Junior’s father being increasingly unhinged by grief. So PJ once again found himself the heir of a billion dollar company and fortune, having swapped out that of his parents for the Urchinsons – even managing to go undetected by Dredd.

 

However, that luck is again about to run out in this arc, with Dredd once again catching up to Maybe – Maybe having drawn the attention of Justice Department because he couldn’t stop killing people, ironically even as his opening narration states his first rule of killing as “don’t get careless”. In fairness, while he clarifies this rule to involve not “killing any more than I needed to”, he then goes on to say that he was “needing to quite a bit recently” – and for the most petty or trivial reasons, not that he expresses it with quite that insight.

 

For that matter, it’s not even clear why he bought the Wonker candy corp, involving as it did killing MC-1’s version of Willy Wonka, transparently named Willy Wonker. It’s not like he needed to, having inherited 60 billion after finally disposing of his new “adoptive” father to assume control of Urchinson Inc. Yes – he does seem to use the mock-choc factory to dispose of bodies (mixing them into the mock-choc – eww!) but surely he had other means at his disposal. It does make for the black comedy gold in the opening of the Wonker company exec Brad Gleem discovering a human nose in a candy bar, but it’s not like that plays a part in Maybe coming undone as Urchinson, except for now having to kill and dispose of Brad as well. Justice Department was already on his trail and sent Dredd after him for the preceding four suspicious deaths or disappearances surrounding him in a short timeframe.

 

Once again it’s all downhill for Maybe from there as Dredd joins the dots, despite the brief illusion of escape on a flight to, you guessed it, the conveniently corrupt Banana City where Maybe had squirrelled away 20 billion of his fortune in an account. Man – they’ll take in anyone if there’s enough money involved.

 

And having turned 18 on that very flight, Dredd is finally able to punch Maybe in the face – a curious line that Justice Department doesn’t cross despite its routine brutality against Mega-City One’s adult citizens that seems to be something of their only right (and rite of passage) dealing with Judges. And I have to admit that as much as I like PJ as a character – it was as satisfying to see as a reader as it was for Dredd.

 

 

JUDGE DREDD CASE FILES 18:

PJ & THE MOCK CHOC FACTORY (prog 820)

 

“It’s not like I was killing anymore than I needed to…it’s just that I was needing to quite a bit recently”.

 

That’s our PJ, with a rather elastic definition of need when it comes to killing people.

 

Indeed, it’s quite obvious that by needing or needed he means for the most petty and trivial reasons – something that would increasingly come into play as his ongoing storyline unfolds over the next quarter of a century or so. That’s obvious from his opening narration and the first person he refers to killing, his girlfriend Lili – I suppose that would be ex-girlfriend now – because she laughed at a pimple he had. Hmm – I was wondering why he never looked up Liana, his first girlfriend and still a heartthrob for me (as drawn by Liam Sharp), but now I’m glad he didn’t (assuming of course that she survived epic crises like Necropolis or Judgement Day, let alone the everyday brutality of life in MC-1).

 

I mean at least he started out targeting people who were unsympathetic, albeit of course not deserving their fate at his hands – people like his mother’s family who bullied his parents or himself, with the obvious exception of his two innocent neighbors he used as a test run or the innocent bystanders killed by his uncle’s crash that he engineered.

 

That sets up that black comedy of the opening reveal of the Wonker company exec Brad Gleem discovering a human nose in a candy bar while guiding a juvenile tour through the factory. Well, technically he doesn’t discover it – one of juveniles on the tour points it out to him but he’s quick on the draw to snatch it up to pass off as nothing in front of the juveniles. Compounding the black comedy, the juveniles become suspicious that he then doesn’t eat it, if Mock-Chox are indeed the “scrummiest mock-chox around” as he said in his tour guide spiel.

 

So you can guess where that goes – he has to eat the chocolate (including the nose) in front of them to keep up the masquerade that there was nothing wrong.

 

As he then tells PJ – who is of course still impersonating Urchinson Jr and running the Wonker company after Urchinson Inc bought it – “It was horrible, Master Urchinson. I was sick for an hour.”

 

Unfortunately for Brad, that’s the least of his health problems now that his discovery and cover-up of the nose in the candy bar has unknowingly placed himself at the top of PJ’s kill list – and PJ doesn’t waste any time about it either.

 

But first, Brad continues to explain the gravity of the situation – “I mean, Wonker’s is the top candy-corp in the Meg – that’s why you bought us! We’re launching the new Krunchblok tomorrow! But if this gets out, we’re sunk!”

 

Yes – I’d tend to agree that finding human body parts in your mock-chox would be a critical marketing and public relations problem.

 

However, PJ calmly offers Brad one of the Krunchbloks. Firstly, I’m surprised that Brad is not too traumatized to eat any mock chox, at least right now. Secondly, I’m surprised that he hasn’t tasted a sample before.

 

Anyway, PJ continues to calmly clarify Brad’s statement that the nose had a pin in it. “That’ll be Mr Grizz.”

 

Brad asks incredulously – “You know him?” – to which PJ replies “I killed him”.

 

PJ then launches into what seems an extraordinary spontaneous confession – confessing that he also killed Wonker because Wonker wouldn’t sell the factory to him, he killed Grizz because Grizz criticized his spelling (which in fairness is atrocious – despite his genius, PJ can’t spell), he killed his father to inherit the Urchinson billions, and that Urchinson wasn’t really his father as he had killed Junior Urchinson before changing his face to look like Junior.

 

He even confesses that he is PJ Maybe – and it says something of Maybe’s notoriety that Brad recognizes the name. “Drokking Jeez – you were on the news years back! P.J, Maybe – the psycho juve!”

 

But then, PJ does like to brag. And as you might have guessed, Brad is already a dead man walking, killed by the Krunchblok – “The hemorrhaging agent I put in it should kick in any second”. Which begs the question – did PJ have a Krunchblok already laced with a lethal hemorrhaging agent in case of just such an emergency? And what would have happened if Brad had declined?

 

Meanwhile, Dredd is assigned by Justice Department to clear up the Judgement Day backlog – “Go to Urchinson Inc. offices. Interview CEO J. Urchinson – four missing persons among associates / employees”.

 

And with that, the bell begins to toll for PJ Maybe’s lucky streak impersonating Junior Urchinson – or as PJ himself puts it, when you’re a psycho killer in Mega-City One, you can’t afford to be careless…

 

 

JUDGE DREDD CASE FILES 18:

PJ & THE MOCK CHOC FACTORY (prog 821)

 

“Me and old Dreddy had met before, when he arrested me for murder. I was getting to like him. He’s a pussycat…Okay, he’s not”.

Of course, that was when PJ Maybe had his original name and face – not that of Junior Urchinson. And of course, PJ is not being a reliable narrator here – he corrects himself that Dredd is in fact not a “pussycat” but I’m skeptical that he was “getting to like” Dredd. What PJ seems to like is playing cat-and-mouse games with Dredd.

Which is what he does here – after warmly reminding Judge Dredd that they’d “met” (“You pulled my Dad and I out of a nuke shelter after the big Nec”), he brazenly lies that he knows nothing about the four people he’s killed in the last six months. His “father”, his girlfriend Lili Solo, Wonker the former “chok boss” (not only transparently named for Willy Wonka but appears like him too in the flashback and statue we see in this episode), and his accountant Sam Grizz. Not to mention his fifth victim Brad Gleem just before Dredd arrived but that’s too soon to be reported missing.

You might be wondering about the standard issue lie detector or “birdie” that Judges use and that we see Dredd use here, but as PJ narrates – “if you’re going to lie into a judge’s lie detector, you can either get used to a broken jaw…or you can jam that sucker”.

What I was wondering about was whatever happened to that voiceprint identification which Dredd used to identify a perp way back when they introduced face-change machines way back in the second ever Judge Dredd episode – “The New You” in prog 3. That sure would’ve come in handy right about now.

Anyway, even without voiceprint identification, Maybe’s only slightly ahead of the curve as Dredd is suspicious from his instinct that something didn’t feel right against Maybe as Urchinson checking out completely on the birdie. So he requests Control scan all Urchinson’s associates and business contacts. Sure enough, that scan turns up “the only thing unusual” – the Maybe family as associates of the Urchinson family, which immediately triggers Dredd, with a “Drokk!” thrown in for good measure. Dredd requests Control call units to arrest Junior Urchinson. “You think he’s picked up some tricks from Maybe?” queries Control. “I think he IS Maybe!” Dredd replies.

Meanwhile, PJ has gone to the mock-choc factory to dispose of Brad’s body as the special ingredient in the latest batch of mock chocolate, treating us to some entertaining musings about having some standards as a serial killer. “All these people who won’t be satisfied with a poisoning here, a decap there – these people with body-counts in the millions…Call-Me-Kenneth…Ol’ Cal…Mad Dog Kazan…Judge Death…and that lunatic Sabbat! I mean the whole world! Just look what happens to people like that! One at a time, that’s my motto.” Well, I suppose that is the definition of a serial killer.

Unfortunately for PJ, Dredd arrives at the factory to apprehend him.

 

 

JUDGE DREDD CASE FILES 18:

PJ & THE MOCK CHOC FACTORY (prog 822)

 

 

Judge Dredd punches PJ Maybe in the face mid-flight to Banana City and has a confession of his own – “Gotta admit it…I’ve been wanting to do that for years”.

 

We’ve all been wanting you to do that, Judge Dredd, we all have – and I say that as a fan of PJ Maybe.

 

Although it’s a little concerning that the only line stopping Mega-City One Judges from gratuitously punching citizens in the face (or beating them with a daystick) when arresting them is that the citizen is of the age of eighteen years or over.

 

That is of course how the episode ends – with PJ Maybe under arrest again, albeit unconscious after Dredd punched him in the face.

 

 

 

How it started was with PJ absconding from the mock choc factory, setting a giant version of his robot bug he routinely used to kill people – including his very first victims, and Wonker himself as we saw in flashback in the second episode – on to Dredd. “I thought Dredd might appreciate using the bug on him, for old time’s sake. I’d been gone for a good five minutes by then, of course. I was off to Banana City, with twenty bil’ waiting in a numbered account”.

 

Dredd did not, in fact, appreciate it, but the giant robot bug gives him a good fight before he finally manages to defeat it. That’s enough time for Maybe to escape the city – “Little creep hopped a flight to Banana City – Customs boys got the APB a little too late!”

 

Not on Dredd’s watch, however, as he directs Control – “Then get me a fast h-wagon”.

 

And sure enough, as Maybe is musing happy thoughts mid-flight – “South of the border, down mekzone way – that’s where I was off to. There was bound to be a place for a smart kid with plenty of creds – and a talent for murder.” – Dredd’s h-wagon intercepts the flight, pulling it over so to speak. “Don’t worry sir, that’s just a Justice Depart h-wagon locking on to our hull”.

 

Dredd arrests Maybe, who smugly reminds Dredd that he’s a minor – only to be corrected by Dredd that it’s past midnight and he’s just turned eighteen. And you know how the rest goes.

 

 

JUDGE DREDD CASE FILES 18:

A,B,C WARRIOR (prog 824)

Last Night Out (prog 823)

 

“Well, citizen Colon. Can you guess what happens now? Is it a) we let you go? b) you get off with a five cred fine? or c) we lock you in the psycho cubes and throw away the key?”

A, B, C Warrior is easily my favorite single episode in Case Files 18 – involving yet another citizen gone mad in Mega-City One, or ‘futsie’ as Mega-City slang goes for people suffering from ‘future shock’, who have snapped from the pressure of just living in “a society where every single thing has become monstrously overwhelming” (quoting Chris Sims summing up the essence of Judge Dredd’s world).

In this episode, the futsie is a citizen with an unfortunate surname, Mori Colon – and the even more unfortunate madness from losing his job as a pollster. Although given the nearly universal automation of jobs in Mega-City One, I’m not sure how he ever had it in the first place since it would seem a job where a robot would be first in line.

Anyway, he’s adapted his former occupation as pollster to his new preoccupation as serial killer. As one Judge observes – “It’s incredible, Dredd. He’s killed over fifty people – all so he can ask them these insane questions!”.

That is of course after Colon is apprehended by Dredd. We’re introduced to him at the opening of the episode “polling” a resident of Frank Hovis block, as usual named for a character in a British television comedy series contemporary to the date of publication rather than someone you’d expect it to be used for a block in a twenty-second century American megalopolis. And by “polling”, I mean asking some of those inane questions – as multiple choice between options a, b, and c, hence the title – before shooting his victim. As in what will the victim do when confronted with a gun – a) try to jump me b) beg for mercy or c) run for it. (The answer in this case was b).

The sound of gunfire is reported by neighbors – which is how Dredd is called to the scene. Unfortunately, he doesn’t have much to go on for clues at the scene, particularly given the insane polling that is Colon’s modus operandi, but fortunately for Dredd’s detection skills, Colon decides further “research” is needed at a local club (where Colon laments that he should have thought of “polling” a crowd further). Research such as whether on learning of their impending deaths they will a) pray to Grud…b) pray to Satan…c)start to cry. (In fairness, Colon is researching whether religious belief is declining in Mega-City One because of the reactions of previous victims).

So as nearest Judge, Dredd is called to the club when Colon’s latest disturbance is reported and catches Colon in mid-massacre. Colon even polls Dredd which ammunition he will use. (Dredd choses an option that wasn’t on the poll, shooting through a table – and Colon’s arm – with an armor-piercing round). Although I do have to give Colon mad props for his justification to Dredd – “but I’m conducting an opinion poll!”

And that leads to us to the line I quote at the outset Dredd’s deadpan snark with his facetious “poll” to Colon after he recovers from med-bay treatment. And like the readers, Colon easily guesses the answer – “at a wild guess…c?”. Which if you recall was throwing him in the psycho-cube without a key – “You got it. Take him away.”

And yes – I skipped an episode, Last Night Out in prog 823, although perhaps I shouldn’t have because it’s a pretty decent example of an episode played (mostly) straight for tragic drama rather than the more usual absurdist or black comedy. Judge Cahill – “a forty year man” (ie with forty years on the streets) has six hours to live from a rad cancer he got in turn from a zombie bite during Judgement Day. So naturally he uses it to bust perps and kick heads with Dredd (at Dredd’s suggestion). Cahill gets in one last heroic shot and then – “I’m gone, Joe”.

 

 

JUDGE DREDD CASE FILES 18:

HAPPY BIRTHDAY, JUDGE DREDD! (prog 829)

Blind Mate (prog 825)

Unwelcome Guests (prog 826)

Barfur (prog 827)

A Man Called Greener (prog 828)

 

That’s right – it’s the big man’s birthday as the comic premise for this episode, although it’s not quite as fun or funny as you might think. Still, I can’t let it go past without celebrating – happy birthday, Joe!

That comic premise is Dredd being his usual hardcore self despite it being his birthday – probably even more so. Then again, when you’re getting on like Dredd is, birthdays aren’t much reason to celebrate – and that was thirty-odd years ago when I write this in 2024 with Dredd still going. Thank Grud for rejuvenation treatment!

Curiously, Dredd’s birthday seems to be a matter of widespread public knowledge, perhaps even city-wide. The episode opens with kids from the elementary school at Andy Crane block – named for a British television presenter, aptly enough best known for presenting Children’s BBC shortly before the episode’s publication date – singing happy birthday to Dredd. Needless to say, he’s not impressed as they sang eight points above the legal limit. Yes – Dredd pulled a sound meter on them.

He’s even less impressed with some tap-tax bandits – citizens who essentially pull a Robin Hood as resistance against paying for water. They too have heard of his birthday, and except for one foolhardy tap-tax bandit who gets an incendiary round for his trouble, they don’t want “to mess with the big man on his birthday”.

Then it’s off to the Grand Hall of Justice where Chief Judge McGruder has called him – for a surprise birthday party. It gets a “what the drokk” from Dredd – before the episode’s last gruff punchline with Dredd telling the Judges to give the gifts to charity. Although I am intrigued what anyone – let alone other Judges – would actually buy Dredd for a gift. Something suitably judicial, I hope.

I skipped some more middling episodes:

  • Blind Mate (prog 825) features a game show, which from its imported dotty Brit-Cit host I am presuming is based on a similar contemporary game show Blind Date but could not be bothered to look it up. Anyway, a perp – a member of the Chipperdull Gang of contract killers modelled on the Chippendale male strippers, down to their shirtless appearance which would seem a little conspicuous for contract killers – on the run from Dredd ends up in the studio as a contestant. The host is so impressed with Dredd after his shootout with the killer that she invites him on as a guest – and is of course arrested for improper suggestion
  • Unwelcome Guests (prog 826) features the SJS, the House Slytherin of Justice Department, up to their usual tricks – RPA or random physical abuse assessment – which does not go down to well with a jumpy street Judge with post-traumatic stress from a zombie tearing her shoulder off in Judgement Day. She shoots the two SJS judges – Dredd gets her a suspension for a year as opposed to a sentence on Titan and gives the SJS Judge a smackdown for his trouble.
  • Barfur (prog 827) features the titular alien bear-kangaroo or grizzly broo, who gets to snack down on some animal rights activists. Dredd is called to the disturbance – one animal rights activist survives and gets twenty years in the cubes
  • A Man Called Greener (prog 828). Yes – Mega-City One has underground spitting or gobbing contests. Yes – they’re as disgusting as they sound. Also dangerous, resulting in a traffic pile-up – which is where Dredd comes in and arrests them.

 

 

JUDGE DREDD CASE FILES 18:

MECHANISMO (Megazine 2.12 – 2.17 & 2.22 -2.26)

A Christmas Carol (Megazine 2.18)

Warhog (Megazine 2.19)

Resyk Man (Megazine 2.20)

Deathmask (Megazine 2.21)

 

“Trial by machine is here!”

It’s Judge Dredd vs Robo-cop! Or rather, since Dredd essentially is Robo-cop (as one of its influences), Judge Dredd vs the ED-209 from Robo-cop.

That’s essentially the plot in a nutshell of the Mechanismo storyline. With the number of Judges stretched thin after Judgement Day, McGruder is advocating robot Judges. Unfortunately, Dredd is adamantly opposed – not being too progressive when it comes to robots either as Judges or citizens in Mega-City One. He changed his mind when a much better model of Robot Judge was permanently introduced thirty or so years later – although it does make one wonder what this fuss is about here – but Dredd is right at this time, as the Mechanismo models were flawed in a similar way to the ED-209.

While Dredd was one of the influences for Robo-cop, this storyline of course comes after the latter – and acknowledges it with Peter Weller, Robo-cop’s actor, named-dropped for a block.

The story arc is also the source of the image used for the Case Files cover – a rare image not of Dredd himself – and my standing rule for Case File reviews is that I have to feature it as my drinking game equivalent of taking a shot on the title drop in a film.

There’s actually two parts to the storyline – Mechanismo in Megazine 2.12-2.17 in which the Mechanismo robot Judges are introduced but malfunction (and Dredd has to shoot it out with one of them) and Mechanismo Returns in Megazine 2.22-2.26, which sees one of the units reactivate to cause more trouble. It’s the number five unit – a play on the Short Circuit films – and it’s still out there in the sewers as the storyline ends…for now.

Of the other Megazine episodes:

  • A Christmas Carol (Megazine 2.18) is the most interesting – a Christmas episode as an obvious play on the titular story by Charles Dickens, with Dredd getting a case of concussion and the Ghost of Christmas Past in the form of Rico
  • Warhog (Megazine 2.19) features the titular war-bike – not exactly sure which war – that uses illegal biomechanics powered by a dead man’s brain and of course he wants revenge against his ex-gang
  • Resyk Man (Megazine 2.20) features a man whose consciousness survives his apparent death and Resyk, as he too is used for biomechanics, fortuitously as he is able to save his widow and their child from a mutant gang
  • Deathmask (Megazine 2.21) – Dredd does The Dead Zone (heh – the Dredd Zone) as a citizen becomes psychic and helps Dredd track down the titular serial killer

Top Tens – Mythology: Top 10 Subjects of Mythology

Free ‘divine gallery’ sample art from OldWorldGods

 

TOP 10 SUBJECTS OF MYTHOLOGY

 

So many topics for top tens, so little time – hence my top tens on the spot, shorter shallow dips as opposed to my longer deep dives.

And what better topic for shallow dip than the Top 10 Subjects of Mythology? Although that prompts the obvious retort that’ll be a shallow dip indeed – it’s mythology, innit? There – done!

Well, yeah nah – as mythology meaningfully overlaps with or includes many other subjects that are interesting in themselves.

So here we go all in one go – my Top 10 Subjects of Mythology.

 

(1) MYTH

 

Well, obviously – and such that it also obviously had to be in the top spot, although defining myth or mythology is less obvious, except perhaps at their core, for example as with the Olympian gods in classical mythology.

Partly that’s because of the extent that myth or mythology overlaps with other subjects – particularly with…

 

(2) LEGEND

 

Legendary!

A subject so intertwined with myth and mythology that it tends to be virtually synonymous with them – although funnily enough calling something a myth often is dismissive in contemporary usage while calling something a legend or legendary usually is a term of acclaim.

That might be because of the usual distinction drawn between myth and legend – that the main characters in myth are usually non-human, such as gods or other supernatural beings, while legends involve everyday humans in historical settings.

“Myths are sometimes distinguished from legends in that myths deal with gods, usually have no historical basis, and are set in a world of the remote past, very different from that of the present.”

So while we’re taking a step down from myths to legends as it were, that brings me to…

 

(3) FOLKLORE

 

In a sense you could say I’ve got this ass-backwards as myth and legend are more properly genres of folklore – and that I really should (or could) be doing a top ten subjects of folklore.

It’s just that folklore is so broad as to encompass the entirety of “the body of expressive culture shared by a particular group of people, culture or subculture” – including oral traditions of myth and legend as well as many more besides.

Also, I tend to see folklore (and legend) in a more ‘low church’ sense involving figures or narratives closer to humans and nature, as opposed to the ‘high church’ sense of myth or mythology involving divine beings or sacred narratives.

 

(4) RELIGION

 

Probably the most obvious overlapping subject with mythology apart from legend or folklore – and perhaps even more obvious than those.

“Myths are often endorsed by secular and religious authorities and are closely linked to religion or spirituality”.

And while mythologies without a religion tend to come to mind – such as classical mythology, alas! – it is harder to think of a religion without its mythology, even such apparently atheistic religions as Buddhism or Taoism.

The link between mythology and religion brings me to…

 

(5) RITUAL

 

Given how much religion overlaps with or is comprised by ritual, it’s not surprising that mythology does as well.

For one thing, you have the depictions of ritual in mythology, which are then followed by the community that holds that mythology to heart.

For another, there’s the theory of mythology that holds that myth is tied to or even originates in ritual – to the extent “that every myth is derived from a particular ritual”. It even has a school of thought named for it – the “myth and ritual” school or “ritual school of myth”, based in Cambridge (and sometimes styled as the “Cambridge Ritualists”, conjuring up images of lurid secret societies in that university).

For example, animal-headed gods or beings like the Minotaur originate in masks worn by priests or priestesses – and so on

 

(6) HISTORY

 

Wait – what? Isn’t mythology the antithesis of history, as the latter is concerned with verifiable evidence of factual events?

Well yes – but also no.

For one thing, communities that hold mythologies also tend (or tended) to hold them to be true in a historical sense, at least in part – although fortunately for those communities myths also tend or tended to be ahistorical, as occurring in a realm outside historical time or space.

For another, legends as opposed to myths tend to have a historical setting – which have a surprising tendency to turn out to have more historical truth to them than skeptics give them credit. People believed Troy was a myth until they found it.

And for yet another, communities often have historical myths about themselves and their history – origin myths or national myths.

 

(7) POETRY

 

The gods speak in verse.

No, seriously.

From the Iliad and the Odyssey to substantial parts of the Bible, it’s striking how often myths or legends are written (or spoken or sung) in verse. Even when in prose, it often has a lyrical resonance to it.

Speaking of which…

 

(8) EPIC

 

“Do you have it in you to make it epic?”

Closely resembling legend in popular usage, originating from its origin in long poetic narratives, “typically one derived from ancient oral tradition, narrating the deeds and adventures of heroic or legendary figures of the past history of a nation”.

Obviously overlapping with poetry, it’s striking how much poetic epic is at the core or origin of myths and mythology. The Epic of Gilgamesh. The Iliad and the Odyssey. The Hindu epics. Much or even most of the Bible.

Speaking of poetry and epic, particularly in classical Greek literature, brings us to…

 

(9) DRAMA

 

Particularly that originating in classical Greece – most strikingly with tragedy, a name that literally translates from the original Greek as “goat song” and seems to originate in or overlap with religious festivals, especially for Dionysus, hence the goats (or satyrs). Don’t dismiss comedy however, which also originated in or overlapped with the same religious festivals, translating as (drunken) “revel song”. Funnily enough that prompts to mind something I always recall reading (in some sort of dictionary of Christian thought) that the gospels of Christianity are ultimately comedy, effectively reversing tragedy into a happy ending – further prompting to mind the Christian passion play, yet more mythic drama (albeit Greek drama might also be described as pagan passion plays – Euripide’s Bacchae for example).

It’s striking how much classical drama (or the passion play) reenacts mythology – to the extent that it might be regarded as similar to ritual as the reenactment of myth (or vice versa).

 

(10) FANTASY

 

On the one hand, the term that perhaps best reflects the pejorative contemporary usage of myth – dismissing myths as fantasy or fantastical.

On the other, the modern genre of fantasy comes closest to being like our original mythologies or their literal and figurative enchantment of original mythology – deliberately so with founding figures of literary fantasy such as Tolkien, who wrote The Lord of The Rings as a modern mythology for England.

 

Friday Night Funk – Top 10 Music (Mojo & Funk): (9) The Weeknd – Can’t Feel My Face

 

MUSIC (MOJO & FUNK): TOP 10

(9) FUNK: THE WEEKND –
CAN’T FEEL MY FACE (2015)
B-Side: I Feel it Coming (2016)

 

“I’m a m***********g starboy!”

Of course, that’s the titular chorus from his song Starboy (featuring Daft Punk because they make everything funkier), but it encapsulates Abel Makkonen Tesfaye a.k.a The Weeknd. Also, it is funky – but my funk favorite still goes to this 2015 single from his Beauty Behind the Madness album, my introduction to The Weeknd.

The Weeknd has been so consistently funky through the 2010s to the 2020s – and so ubiquitously funky, as each time my ears prick up for any funk recently, it’s usually The Weeknd – that I’ve had no choice but to rank him in my Top 10 Mojo & Funk (and also ultimately compile my Top 10 Weeknd songs). And how can you not like the Weeknd? We all love the weekend!

“I can’t feel my face when I’m with you
But I love it, but I love it”

Anyway, I can’t resist this tagline for “Can’t Feel My Face” from Billboard – “The Weeknd’s irresistible, Michael Jackson-esque “Can’t Feel My Face” is so perfectly crafted that it’s impossible to imagine a world or alternative reality in which this song isn’t number one”. And it’s not every music video that ends in the immolation of its singer.

As for my B-side entry, I have a soft spot for “I Feel It Coming” (once again featuring Daft Punk, again making it funkier).

“You’ve been scared of love and what it did to you
You don’t have to run, I know what you’ve been through
Just a simple touch and it can set you free
We don’t have to rush when you’re alone with me”.

As for the balance of my Top 10 The Weeknd songs:

(3) Starboy (2015). Obviously
(4) Blinding Lights (2019)
(5) Take My Breath (2020)
(6) Ariana Grande / The Weeknd – Love Me Harder (2014)
(7) The Hills (2015)
( 8 ) Save Your Tears (2020)
(9) Swedish House Mafia ft The Weeknd – Moth to a Flame (2021)
(10) Sacrifice (2022)

 

RATING: 4 STARS****
A-TIER (TOP TIER)

Top Tens – History: Top 10 Books (8) Felipe Fernandez-Armesto – Civilizations: Culture, Ambition & The Transformation of Nature

Cover 2002 Free Press edition

 

(8) FELIPPE FERNANDEZ-ARMESTO –

CIVILIZATIONS: CULTURE, AMBITION & THE TRANSFORMATION OF NATURE (2000)

 

A book on the suject of human civilization – or rather, civilizations, arranged by environment, consistent with the definition of civilization in the subtitle as the transformation of nature.

The book essentially treats all human societies as civilization, or at least a civilization – eschewing attempts at ‘checklist’ of criteria that define a civilization, given the problems of previous attempts to do so for any that are universally agreed, instead looking at human societies in classic Toynbee terms of challenge and response to their natural environments, at least in origin.

While such an approach may have flaws in its lack of distinction between a ‘civilization’ and other human societies, the book does have much to offer from its thematic history of human civilization from a geographic and environmental perspective.

Firstly, it vividly impresses on you the extent to which human history and societies have been shaped by nature, at least in origin – including the most basic or stark features which one might otherwise overlook from a different thematic perspective.

This is most striking when it looks at those environments it groups together as the wasteland, worlds of ice or sand deserts, which can only support the most minimalist societies – minimalist that is, beyond surviving in them, prompting to mind the lines from the poem “Australia” by A.D. Hope, about men whose boast is not “we live” but “we survive”. There’s a similar quality

Perhaps its most insightful feature – which it states in its introduction – was its comparative history of civilizations, “arranged environment by environment, rather than period by period or society by society”, thus yielding comparisons across time and space that might not otherwise occur to the reader.

The evocative part and chapter headings (or subheadings) illustrate those environmental classifications:

  • Part 1: The Wasteland – Ice Worlds & Tundra, Deserts of Sand
  • Part 2: Leave of Grass – Prairie & Grassy Savannah, the Eurasian Steppe (the Highway of Civilization)
  • Part 3: Under the Rain – Postglacial & Temperate Woodland, Tropical Lowlands
  • Part 4: The Shining Fields of Mud (alluvial or river floodplains in the ancient Near East, China and India)
  • Part 5: The Mirrors of Sky – the Highland Civilizations of the New World and the Old
  • Part 6: The Water Margins (Civilizations Shaped by the Sea) – Small Island Civilizations and Seaboard Civilizations such as the Seaboard Civilizations of Maritime Asia or the Greek and Roman Seaboards
  • Part 7: Breaking the Waves (the Domestication of the Oceans) – the Rise of Oceanic Civilizations, the Making of Atlantic Civilization, and from the Atlantic to the Pacific – from the Pacific to the World

I was particularly fascinated by its comparison of grassland societies – prompting to mind, as such things tend to do, whether other grasslands might have produced the horse blitzkriegs that the Eurasian steppes did in other circumstances.

Or its subject of the oceans – how maritime navigation has been shaped by the distinctive currents and wind patterns of each ocean, with the Indian Ocean proving the most ”precocious’ for long distance navigation (indeed from the dawn of human history), the Atlantic being somewhat more tricky, and the Pacific trickier still (Polynesian island-hopping aside).

 

RATING: 4 STARS****

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Mega-City Law – Judge Dredd Case Files 2 (Epilogue)

 

JUDGE DREDD CASE FILES 2
Mega-City One 2100-2101
(1978-1979: progs 61-115)

Judge Dredd gets epic!

Judge Dredd: Complete Case Files Volume 2 essentially consists of the back-to-back Dredd epics, The Cursed Earth (progs 61-85) and The Day the Law Died (progs 86-108).

I consider these two epics to be Dredd’s first true epics – and more fundamentally, where the Judge Dredd comic came of age. This is classic Dredd.

Of course, the two epics had their precursors in the two longer story arcs (or mini-epics) of Volume 1 – The Cursed Earth in Luna-1 and The Day the Law Died in Robot Wars. Each of the epics (and their precursors) respectively set up the essential Judge Dredd epic plotlines – Dredd confronting some threat, usually existential, to Mega-City One (Robot Wars, The Day the Law Died), and Dredd venturing to some other, usually exotic, location (Luna-1, The Cursed Earth), or a combination of the two, Dredd venturing to some other, usually exotic, location TO confront some threat, usually existential, to Mega-City One (arguably The Cursed Earth, although it involved an existential threat to Mega-City Two, at least in the immediate sense).

Yes – there’s a few episodes at the end of Case Files 2 which serve as something of an epilogue to the epics, particularly Punks Rule as an epilogue to The Day the Law Died. It also effectively replays the very first episode with Dredd taking on the punk street gang that has arisen as a law unto themselves – with Dredd’s characteristic schtick of taking them on alone, to restore the authority of Justice Department that had lapsed in The Day the Law Died.

Otherwise, Case Files 2 is almost entirely the two epics – each of which deserve its own consideration in depth.

 

THE CURSED EARTH

 

THE DAY THE LAW DIED

 

 

JUDGE DREDD CASE FILES 2

PUNKS RULE (prog 110)

The Exo-Men (progs 111-112) / The DNA Man (progs 113-115)

 

“I’m a cheap punk!”

And here we are with those episodes at the conclusion of Case Files Volume 2 that are not part of either epic, although the first and best of these, Punks Rule, is effectively an epilogue to The Day the Law Died.

As the new Chief Judge Griffin explains in this episode, the war against Cal allowed street gangs to come back in force, with the worst of them – the Cosmic Punks, led by Gestapo Bob Harris – setting themselves up as ‘judges’ in Sector 41 and declaring it a no-go zone to the real judges. One judge proposes that they stamp it out by sending in a fifty man squad, but Dredd disagrees – “The street gangs have lost their fear of us. It’s time we gave it back to them…Let’s show them one judge is worth a hundred punks”. As I’ve said before, Dredd’s always doing this – going in as the ‘one judge’ to demonstrate the strength of the law against any number of potential antagonists. He did it in his very first episode and he’ll do it again – it’s kind of his shtick.

And so, Dredd heads into Sector 41 alone, with an automated garbage truck for prisoners. A nice symbolic touch – and sure enough, he fills it with the punks who are smart enough to surrender, gunning down those who prefer to take a shot at him. Ultimately, Dredd takes even Gestapo Bob prisoner – after making Bob declare himself a cheap punk.

It’s an episode with Brian Bolland art, always a delight to behold – and Bolland did the best Judge Dredd punks!

 

And yes – I skipped two storylines:

  • The Exo-Men (progs 111-112) featuring the titular gang that use demolition workers’ exo-skeleton powered suits for a bank robbery. However, the real fun in the story comes with two representatives of a citizen action group – the citizen’s committee for compassion to criminals (or CCCC) – who are monitoring Dredd as he pursues the exo-men. It was almost fun enough to feature in more detail, except that I think “Watchdogs” in Case Files 16 replays the same premise better.
  • The DNA Man (progs 113-115) replays Frankenstein but with the mad scientist character – literally named Frankenstein, Milton Frankenstein (with his first name perhaps a nod to Milton’s Paradise Lost featuring in the original book by Shelley) trying to recreate himself from one DNA molecule taken from his blood. It’s a little weird since the world of Judge Dredd has cloning – indeed, Dredd himself is a clone. Here, however, Frankenstein succeeds only in creating monstrous versions of himself – which he unleashes on Dredd as Dredd is on his trail for killing his lab assistant.

Top Tens – History: Top 10 Empires (9) China – Qing Empire

The Qing dynasty at its greatest extent in 1760, with claimed territory not under its control in light green – based by Aldermanseven on Albert Herrmann’s map in the 1935 History and Commercial Atlas of China for Wikipedia “Qing Dynasty” under license https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

 

(9) CHINA – QING EMPIRE (1644 – 1912)

The last Chinese empire, lasting into the twentieth century with perhaps the most spectacular decline and fall on the world stage in modern history.

Like India, China has seen the rise and fall of numerous empires over millennia that could well be the subject of their own top ten, although Chinese empires are probably better known to general history and more coherent imperial states than their Indian counterparts.

Similarly to India, there are a number of candidates for the top spot among Chinese empires – the Qin and Han empires were its definitive empires (giving their name to China itself and its predominant ethnicity respectively), while the Tang, Song and Ming empires all vie for status as classical Chinese empires or golden ages. The Ming empire is particularly reputed for being on the threshold of becoming a maritime empire with its fabled fleets and expeditions, before turning back to the usual landbound nature of Chinese empires.

The Yuan Empire – the dynasty of Kublai Khan and China’s Mongol conquerors – could also argue its claim for top spot, and depending on how you reckon it, may well qualify as China’s largest empire.

However, I award the top spot to the Qing Empire. Firstly, it is the Chinese empire of modern history, its last empire that survived until falling in the early twentieth century, as well as the empire that interacted most with European powers as they increasingly encroached upon it.

Secondly, my particular fascination with empires is with their decline and fall – and few things were as spectacular in modern history , or loom as large in the hindsight of a Chinese revolutionary regime succeeding it and adapting its imperial forms, as the decline and fall of the Qing Empire.

And by spectacular, I mean the grand spectacle playing out on the world stage of it desperately trying to fend off foreign powers it previously saw as barbarians or tributaries, but even more so fighting the endless rebellions within itself, until it was ultimately overwhelmed by the final one.

Of course, it didn’t start off that way – like every empire, it had its robust rise, essentially as a conquest of Ming China by one of those northern non-Chinese minorities that bubbled up occasionally to rule China, in this case the Manchus (for which Manchuria is named).

At its height in the 18th and early 19th centuries, it was the largest Chinese empire in history (depending on how you calculate the Mongol Yuan Empire) – and indeed fourth largest empire in history, as well as the most populous state and largest economy in the world.

And then came its decline and fall, in the so-called century of humiliation – usually reckoned to start with its defeat by Britain and France in the Opium Wars, which heralded ever more depredations by foreign powers, as well as ever more dangerous rebellions against the empire.

I’ve heard it said that the Qing Empire literally faced a peasant rebellion an average of every hour or so. I don’t know the truth of that assertion, which probably tallies up the hours in the numerous historical rebellions against the Qing, although I also suspect that many or most rebellions were too limited or localised to have any serious consequence.

Not so the Taiping Rebellion, in which a cult with a leader proclaiming himself the younger brother of Jesus and declaring his own Heavenly Kingdom, slogged it out with the Qing in the bloodiest civil war in history, with casualties to rival the First World War or even the Second World War.

Although it was in the Boxer Rebellion that China’s humiliation by foreign powers perhaps reached its nadir. That or its defeat by Japan in the Sino-Japanese War. It was one thing to lose to European powers – it was another to lose to another Asian state, a former Chinese tributary, that had been in a similar position to China vis-a-vis European powers only a generation or so previously

Qing China finally fell to rebellion or revolution in 1911, which abolished empires in China altogether (even if many of their features were to recur in their successors), with the last Qing emperor abdicating in 1912.

 

DECLINE & FALL

As the decline and fall of empires go, Qing China ranks up there with the most spectacular and tenacious of them, holding the line despite the odds – and when it did fall, at least it fell to internal revolution rather than conquest. Particularly as they did it on a shoestring – apparently they were never able to raise taxes above 2% of their economy.

“There are serious questions as to whether any government could’ve handled the gargantuan tasks the Qing faced, and they managed to survive a civil war that by all accounts should have destroyed them and would probably have taken down most lesser Chinese empires.”

Even then the Qing emperor at least managed to bounce back, although his empire did not – twice, albeit more by that adage of history repeating itself first as tragedy and then as farce. Firstly in 1917, when he was briefly crowned for a fortnight by a royalist warlord in the so-called Manchu Restoration, and secondly in 1932 as “emperor” of the Japanese puppet state of Manchukuo

It’s tempting to think what might have happened if the Qing could have pulled off the same trick as the defeated Nationalists and retreated to Taiwan – but unfortunately for the Qing, they had lost Taiwan to Japan in the Sino-Japanese War

If nothing else, they totally had a better flag than any of their successors.

THE QING EMPIRE NEVER FELL

On the other hand, the Qing Empire never fell. As the Soviet Union ironically replicated much of the nature and territorial claims of imperial Russia – with Stalin as the red Tsar – so too did Communist China with imperial China, particularly under Mao as red Emperor

THE SUN NEVER SETS

Although the Qing Empire was confined in physical extent to east Asia, it deserves its status as a world empire – its designation for itself as the Middle Kingdom or heart of the world not too far from the reality as a world unto itself, the world’s most populous state and largest economy

EVIL EMPIRE

While the modern view of Qing China tends to be closer to that of victim to Western powers, it can rank reasonably high as evil empire. Its original conquest of Ming China is estimated to have a death toll of at least 25 million. And it was seemingly indifferent to even higher death tolls to suppress the rebellions against it – although a casual indifference to loss of human life, even in the millions, was not unusual in either its predecessors or successors in China.

RATING: 4 STARS****
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Top Tens – History: Top 10 Wars (9) Spanish Conquest of the Americas – Spanish Conquest of the Aztec Empire

The 1521 Fall of Tenochtitlan by Spanish Conquistador Hernán Cortés, from the Conquest of México series – oil on canvas 17th century (public domain image)

 

(9) SPANISH CONQUEST OF THE AMERICAS –
CONQUEST OF THE AZTEC EMPIRE (1519-1521)

 

Remarkable for just how few Spanish forces conquered such a populous empire in such a short span of time (as it was with the conquest of the Inca Empire).

The Spanish Conquest of the Americas – la Conquista by the conquistadors – falls within the broader native American wars. Indeed, it and the American Indian Wars might be regarded as the two poles of native American wars – whereas the American Indian Wars fall at the tail end of them, the Spanish Conquest is at their very head.

It also propelled Spain, something of a peninsular backwater in Europe that had only just reconquered all its territory from Islamic conquest to the first world maritime superpower.

As for which Spanish conquest to nominate for this entry, I’ve gone with the conquest led by Hernan Cortes of the Aztec Empire. After all, it was either that or the close second for the conquest by Francisco Pizarro of the Inca Empire – and the conquest by Cortes was the influence and model for the latter, as well as effectively the springboard of the whole Conquest of the Americas, at least on the mainland.

Population estimates of the Aztec Empire prior to its conquest vary but generally seem to be about 10 million people, while Cortes had 508 soldiers in his expedition.

And he was lucky to get away even with that, as he set sail only just evading the Governor of Spanish Cuba revoking his commission, as it had become obvious that Cortes had something far more audacious in mind than mere exploration or trade. Cortes also famously scuttled his ships after arriving in Mexico, so that his forces could not retreat and had no other option but to fight.

Of course, Cortes’ forces did have some qualitative advantage of technological superiority. It is tempting to see it purely in terms of the first element of Jared Diamond’s titular trinity of guns, germs and steel – guns.

The Spanish certainly had guns, even cannon, and while the latter gave a useful advantage to the Spanish, I’m not sure I’d want to face down a fanatical horde of Aztec warriors in close combat with my inaccurate sixteenth century muzzle-loading single-shot musket, let alone whatever an arquebus is.

Far more useful were the Spanish crossbows and of course the third element of trinity – steel, in their armor and weapons, which the Aztecs lacked. More useful yet were the 16 horses of the expedition, as the Aztecs (and the Americas) were utterly without and therefore unfamiliar with horses, so that the Spanish cavalry had a real impact of shock and awe on the Aztecs. Probably with less impact but fascinating to me was the Spanish use of war dogs.

Another qualitative advantage was leadership. While Cortes had no experience, he proved himself a capable and charismatic military commander, while the Aztec emperor Moctezuma or Montezuma was generally perceived as weak or hesitant, even by the Aztecs.

Cortes was so capable and charismatic, that he defeated the larger Spanish force sent to retrieve him and then talked its soldiers and cavalry around to joining his conquest. However, this expanded Spanish force was still pitifully small compared to the Aztecs, even with its technological and tactical superiority

Which is where the second element of Jared Diamond’s trilogy was probably decisive – germs. The Aztecs are estimated to have lost almost half their population to smallpox from the Spaniards by the last year of the conquest and Cortes’ assault on their capital.

God and the gods also played their part. Faith in God was an important part of motivation and morale for the Spanish and not least Cortes himself in their conquests, coming as they did on the heels of the Reconquista of Islamic Spain.

One factor may or may not have played a part, reported by Cortes himself, was that he was seen as the return of the Aztec god Quetzalcoatl – but it is disputed as to whether or what extent the Aztecs actually believed this, and impossible to know its effect on them even if they did.

Another factor that certainly did play its part was that of the old saying that behind every great man is a woman. Malintzin, a slave-woman “gifted” to the Spanish with her own gift for languages, who became Cortes’ interpreter, diplomatic adviser and mistress – and who might well be hailed as co-conquistador.

Malintzin was an instrumental part in the true reason for the Spanish victory other than disease – that the Spanish force didn’t win it as such, but rather led the much larger winning force consisting predominantly of their native American allies against the Aztecs.

The Aztecs had their own bloody sacrificial empire that was still new and expanding just prior to the Spanish conquest – for which they were absolutely hated by many or most of their imperial subjects, at least some of whom were all too happy to ally themselves with the Spanish to overthrow the Aztecs.

ART OF WAR

Well obviously when your forces of a few hundred (or few thousand with reinforcements) defeat an empire of millions in a few years, you’re doing something right in the art of war.

And partly this would seem to be down to factors you can’t plan or even predict according to Sun Tzu – good fortune, and even more so, the boldness it favors. Say what you will about Cortes but he had cojones.

Of course, partly this would seem to be down to factors you can draw from Sun Tzu – subterfuge, diplomacy or alliances, and capturing enemy leaders or holding them hostage

WORLD WAR

The Spanish Conquest was the decisive landmark in what might be described, in its total scope, of a world war as the powers of one continent commenced their conquest of two others – the world war that started all the world wars of European maritime empires.

Even more as the Spanish conquest extended beyond the Americas to Asia (where the Spanish conquered the Philippines) and Africa, not least in the slave trade to the Americas.

STILL FIGHTING THE SPANISH CONQUEST

While the Spanish empire in the Americas fought for and (mostly) won its independence, the Spanish conquest casts a long shadow in Latin America – with native American resistance persisting even today, as with the Zapatistas in Mexico.

GOOD GUYS VS BAD GUYS

Modern historical perspective tends not to favor the Spanish as the good guys, although this is often disputed as a continuation of so-called Black Legend of anti-Spanish history – with some fairness. On the other hand, of all people the Spanish conquered, the Aztecs qualify the least as good guys, although again often disputed as historical propaganda against them – with some fairness.

Probably the only people who unambiguously qualify as the good guys are the indigenous population of Mexico caught between the two empires as one conquered the other.

RATING: 4 STARS****
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Mega-City Law – Judge Dredd Case Files 2: The Day The Law Died

 

JUDGE DREDD CASE FILES 2:
THE DAY THE LAW DIED (progs 86-109)

 

No rest for the wicked – or those who judge them. Once again, the Law gets EPIC!

The second Judge Dredd epic, The Day the Law Died ran straight on or back-to-back from The Cursed Earth, when Judge Dredd returned to Mega-City One from Mega-City Two. As I said before for the Cursed Earth epic, I still consider the back-to-back storylines of The Cursed Earth and The Day the Law Died to be Dredd’s first true epics – and more fundamentally, where the Judge Dredd comic came of age. This is the origin of the classic Dredd I know, although my introduction to Judge Dredd was The Apocalypse War epic (and its Block Mania prelude), still my favorite (and arguably the best) Judge Dredd epic. Each of the epics (and their precursors in Luna and the Robot Wars) respectively set up the quintessential Judge Dredd epic plotlines – Dredd venturing to some other, often exotic location, or confronting some threat, often existential, to Mega-City One.

We saw the former in the Cursed Earth, now we see the latter in The Day The Law Died. In this case, the existential threat to Mega-City One came from the Justice Department itself, in the form of the insane Judge Cal’s rise to the position of Chief Judge, essentially by way of coup. In this, The Day The Law Died effectively introduced a recurring theme in Judge Dredd – the dangers of corruption, and especially the corruption of power, within the Justice Department, albeit rarely at the level of existential threat to the city as it is in this epic. Ironically, the source of that corruption in this epic is Judge Cal’s position as head of the SJS or Special Judicial Squad, essentially the Justice Department’s equivalent of Internal Affairs or the body of Judges who judge other Judges. Nominally, the Special Judicial Squad is meant to guard against corruption within the Justice Department, but in practice in this and subsequent storylines they tend to have a somewhat antagonistic role to the rest of the Department (and Dredd in particular) at best and be a source of power unto themselves at worst.

In fairness to Judge Cal, most of the existential threats posed to Mega-City One come from Judges, just not usually Judges of Mega-City One. The extra-dimensional Dark Judges, led by Judge Death, are perhaps the most recurring danger to the city and became an existential threat to it in the Necropolis epic, with their warped philosophy that all crime is committed by the living so the elimination of crime involves the elimination of all life – “The crime is life. The sentence is death!” However, when it comes to the most effective existential threat to Mega-City One, the Dark Judges are amateurs compared to the Soviet or Sov Judges, mainly because the Dark Judges typically insist on meting out their dark justice by hand, whereas the Sov Judges typically employed weapons of mass destruction – in the Apocalypse War and subsequently in the Day of Chaos.

As for the storyline, like The Cursed Earth, it is simple and straightforward – all the better to let the SF future satire and absurdist black comedy play out. Indeed, just as The Cursed Earth essentially just, ahem, borrowed its storyline wholesale from Roger Zelazny’s Damnation Alley, The Day The Law Died also borrowed its storyline, but from a more classical source – the ill-fated reign of Roman Emperor Caligula, straight from the pages of Suetonius’ The Twelve Caesars, or more so as it was closer in time to this epic, the BBC TV adaptation of Robert Graves’ I Claudius. Indeed, Judge Cal was named for Caligula (with his appearance modelled on John Hurt’s portrayal in the BBC TV series), and he is even named AS Judge Caligula when the series was introduced (and subsequently collected under that title). Of course, if that was his actual name, it would seem to have been begging for trouble. I mean, what next? Judge Hitler?

Anyway, his insanity mirrors that of Caligula, albeit (somewhat disappointingly) without the depravity – not surprisingly in the more ascetic Justice Department of Mega-City One, or even more so, in the publishing restrictions for 2000 AD. And so as Caligula appointed his horse as a senator of Rome, Judge Cal appoints a goldfish as Deputy Chief Judge Fish, ironically remembered fondly by the Mega-City One citizenry for a death that saved the city.  Speaking of which, the insanity of Judge Cal was such that he sentenced the entire city to death – twice. Which again evokes the historical Caligula, who according to Suetonius wished that all the city of Rome had but one neck.

However, Judge Cal is made more dangerous in his insanity – and hence earns his place among the top tier of Judge Dredd’s villains – in that, unlike his historical predecessor, he at least has the cunning and presence of mind for a technique of mind control to ensure the loyalty of his equivalent of the imperial Praetorian Guard.  And as a failsafe, when Mega-City Judges proved too unreliable, to import a new Praetorian Guard – in the form of alien Klegg mercenaries. The Kleggs and their Klegg Empire – aliens resembling giant bipedal crocodiles with appetites to match – would prove to be an occasionally recurring element in Judge Dredd (and Dredd’s recurring hatred), although the reach of their Empire is obviously limited by their temperament and lack of intelligence.

The Day The Law Died also introduced an element that would prove to be something of a recurring cliché in subsequent Dredd epics (until it was dramatically subverted in the Day of Chaos storyline) – that Judge Dredd becomes the focus of resistance to the existential threat to Mega-City One, leading a small ragtag underground force to defeat it. In this case, literally underground – in the Under-City, which became more fleshed out in this epic from its previous introduction, and contributed a critical ally to Dredd’s resistance, in the form of the dim-witted but hulking brute Fergee. Of course, Dredd didn’t have much choice in this, as he was an important target of Cal’s plans to assume the position of Chief Justice and control of Mega-City One – as he had not been subject to Cal’s mind control technique due to his absence from the city on his mission in the Cursed Earth. Cal’s initial plan is to frame Dredd – and when that fails, to assassinate him along with the incumbent Chief Judge. Sadly, these elements have something of a bad aftertaste as they were adapted into the abominable Stallone Judge Dredd film – including where the character of Fergee was transformed beyond recognition in all but name to comic relief played by Rob Schneider. Sigh.

 

 

JUDGE DREDD CASE FILES 2:

THE DAY THE LAW DIED (PROLOGUE)

Crime and Punishment / Judge Dredd Outlaw / Bring Me the Head of Judge Dredd (progs 86-88)

 

The Day the Law Died, in which the insane Judge Cal becomes Chief Judge of Mega-City One, effectively begins with a prologue of three episodes in which Judge Dredd is framed and arrested for murder (although technically The Day the Law Died commences with prog 89).

The elimination of Judge Dredd is an important part of Judge Cal’s plot for control of Mega-City. Dredd is the most iconic Judge of Mega-City One and a potential focus of resistance – even more so as Dredd’s absence on his Cursed Earth mission has meant that he has not been exposed to Cal’s method for mind control, as revealed subsequently in the epic.

Unfortunately, the prologue leaves something of a bad taste in my mouth, since its plot was adapted almost in entirety for the storyline of the abominable 1995 Judge Dredd film – except even worse, adding insult to injury, by adapting it to involve Dredd’s clone Rico (played by Armand Assante, looking most unclone-like to Stallone’s Dredd), Judge Griffin and the original Chief Judge Fargo in ways completely distorted from their original roles in the comics.

It opens dramatically enough (albeit attributing a population to Mega-City One of 100 million, later increased to 800 million – at least prior to the Apocalypse War), with Judge Dredd on trial for murder before the Council of Five, the governing body of Judges within the Justice Department. It then flashes back to Dredd’s hero’s parade from his Cursed Earth mission, accompanied by the transparently named Chief Judge Goodman, and Deputy Chief Judge Cal, head of the SJS or Special Judicial Squad – the equivalent of Justice Department’s Internal Affairs, or perhaps, given all the trouble it subsequently causes, Justice Department’s house of Slytherin. Judge Cal, true to his slimy and Judas-like character, whines about Dredd’s expense claims for the Cursed Earth mission. Dude – Dredd just saved Mega-City Two! So rightly, Chief Judge Goodman slaps Cal down for the petty bean-counting. Although Dredd collapses from exhaustion in his apartment after the parade, that very night he apparently enters the office of the Mega-Times, Mega-City One’s leading ‘daily-vid journal’ and guns down the editor for not giving his hero’s parade top billing. He has a point – I mean, how does “Film Star Weds Alien” rate the headline?

Dredd is promptly arrested by Cal’s SJS and Cal enthusiastically leads the prosecution before the Council of Five to a unanimous verdict of guilty, including a reluctant verdict (badgered by Cal) from Chief Judge Goodman. Dredd is sentenced to twenty years on the penal colony on Titan (adapted in the film to Aspen in Colorado – must…suppress…gag reflex from film), seen off by a jeering crowd of citizens at Kennedy spaceport. Those Mega-City One citizens sure are fickle!

 

 

Of course, you can’t keep a good Judge down – Dredd knows he’s been framed and escapes. Cal has taken over duties from Chief Judge Goodman (who has suffered near nervous breakdown after the verdict) and unveils his secret weapon to capture Dredd – the same thing that framed Dredd in the first place, a robot replica of Dredd or Dredd-bot.

It’s Dredd vs Dredd-bot! Dredd ultimately tracks down his robot replica and defeats outwits it in a robotics factory, pre-empting the Terminator film.

 

 

But first Judge Dredd is on the lam! While on the lam from the Law, he needs the help of his informant Max Normal – and I’m contractually obliged to remind a fellow Dredd fan with amnesia of the character whenever Max Normal pops up to help out Dredd. And he really helps Dredd out here – while Dredd has correctly surmised that the only way he could have been framed was to use a robot double, Max is the one who tracks it down for Dredd. Hence that Dredd vs robo-Dredd showdown.

 

 

Of course, the Dredd-bot proves Dredd’s innocence and Chief Judge Goodman joyously overturns the verdict. Or rather the robo-Dredd’s head does – Dredd taking it with him to Justice Central, although you have to give it to him as the robot head really does rest his case. The robot head was also the subject of Brian Bolland’s cover art for the Eagle Comics reprints (issue 9) – which I am also obliged to feature as Bolland’s cover art for the Eagle Comics reprints was consistently among my favorite cover art for Judge Dredd. However, as Dredd ominously intones, the robot could only have been programmed by someone with complete access to Justice Department files, so there is a “traitor among us” – “the question is who and why?”. Technically, I suppose those are two questions. Unfortunately, Cal soon provides the obvious answers – well, more obvious than his shifty expression during this exchange – in the form of a much more direct approach to solving his problems, by killing them outright.

 

 

JUDGE DREDD CASE FILES 2:

THE DAY THE LAW DIED 1-2

The Day the Law Died / The Tyrant’s Grip (progs 89-90)

 

Foiled in framing Judge Dredd for murder, Deputy Judge Cal decides to take a more direct approach to gaining the position of Chief Judge and control of Mega-City One – assassination.

In this, Judge Cal is somewhat more proactive than his historical model, Caligula, who awaited his succession to the throne upon the death of his predecessor (and uncle), Tiberius – although my favorite Roman gossip historian Suetonius did advance the rumor that Caligula, ah, sped up his inheritance by smothering Tiberius (amidst the depravity and paranoia of the latter’s old age in personal exile on the island of Capri).

Chief Judge Goodman’s death is not as sordid – he’s assassinated by Cal’s SJS goons. However, he survives long enough to give Judge Dredd, who arrives just in time at the scene, a clue to Cal’s involvement – an SJS insignia he managed to tear off one of the assassins. Unfortunately, Cal has already anticipated Dredd’s opposition or at least simultaneously plotted against Dredd – as Dredd is shot in the head by an SJS judge waiting outside Dredd’s apartment with a sniper rifle.

So Cal becomes Chief Judge. Unlike his historical predecessor Caligula, who at least was credited with initial good rule for six months or so, Chief Judge Cal decides to get a head start on the crazy. When his loyal SJS subordinate Judge Quincy returns, affirming his assassination of Dredd on Cal’s orders, Cal notices Quincy is missing a button and orders him to strip – “Not good enough, Quincy! My judges will dress like judges – or not at all. Take off your clothes!”

Of course, with the historical Caligula, that probably would have been the prelude to something much more depraved, but Cal simply decrees that Judge Quincy is now to carry out his duties in helmet, briefs and boots. Ominously, Cal addresses Quincy while looking at himself in a mirror, like your standard megalomaniac – “There are going to be some changes round here, and the sooner that you and all the people learn that, the better”.

And sure enough – whereas Caligula was reputed to have planned appointing his horse as consul of Rome, Chief Judge Cal exceeds his historical model by appointing his goldfish as Deputy Chief Judge Fish. (In fairness, that fish died a hero, as we’ll see).

Fortunately, the city’s only hope, Judge Dredd, is recovering in hospital from his seemingly fatal head wound, primarily due to the advanced medical technology (by robot surgeons) of the twenty-second century. Meh – this is something you get used to with Judge Dredd, indeed this epic alone has a number of near-death escapes. The number of times he’s been near death in the line of duty… hell, he’s even actually been dead at least once. (He got better). Unfortunately, his recovery is interrupted by his arrest by SJS judges, who bring him before Chief Judge Cal (with head heavily bandaged in lieu of helmet), just as Cal is announcing his appointment of Deputy Chief Judge Fish. Cal takes the opportunity of his new Deputy Chief Judge’s appointment to take the latter’s first verdict (interpreted by Cal from bubbles) – a death sentence for Dredd.

However, Judge Giant, formerly Judge Dredd’s rookie, intervenes and volunteers to execute Dredd. Cal is flattered into granting Giant’s request, blundering into the standard  Bond villain mistake of not personally ensuring the death of his most dangerous opponent. And of course, it’s all a ruse by Giant, who then escapes with Dredd.

 

 

JUDGE DREDD CASE FILES 2:

THE DAY THE LAW DIED 3-6

The New Law / Mega-Riot / The City That Roared / The Kleggs are Coming! (progs 91-95)

 

So Judge Dredd escaped Chief Judge Cal with the help of his former rookie Judge Giant – and becomes the focus of the resistance to Cal, both within the Justice Department itself and in the perception of the Mega-City One citizenry. As usual in a Judge Dredd epic, he is joined by a small select team – in this case, the staff of the Academy of Law, chosen from judges wounded in action, and foremost among them is Judge Griffin, the principal of the Academy.

They are joined by the larger rebelliion of Mega-City citizens against Cal, prompted by insanity on par with his historical namesake Caligula. In fairness, Cal never loses his black sense of comedy (as does the epic itself). Citizens begging to shorten a sentence of 10 years imprisonment for littering prompt a characteristic joke – “I sentence you to death! Ha, ha! You can’t get much shorter than that, can you?”

With jokes like that, no wonder Mega-City One revolts. Just as the Dredd-led revolution is on ther verge of victory, the tide turns against it in the form of the ace up Cal’s sleeve – the alien Kleggs, akin to bipedal crocodiles with appetites to match, and a feature that would occasionally recur in the Judge Dredd storyline. Cal explains his new alien Praetorian Guard to his lieutenant SJS judge Slocum – “They’re called Kleggs, Slocum – a race of alien mercenaries. I’ve had their spaceship waiting in the stratosphere for just such an emergency. Neat, eh?”

To give Cal credit, he certainly shows more cunning and foresight than his historical predecessor Caligula. Although it is difficult to see how the Kleggs became a spacefaring alien species – and as is later revealed, empire – given their general brutish nature and lack of intelligence. Presumably, they were uplifted by other alien species to use as soldiers. They’re cheap to boot (heh, obscure historical Caligula pun) – “they fight for the joy of killing and take payment only in meat”. Of course, Cal thought to “let them eat the citizens”, but Slocum persuades him otherwise – “they might get a taste for human meat and then none of us would be safe”.

In any event, Cal has equally drastic plans for the citizens of Mega-City One, who after all have to be punished for their insubordination – he sentences the whole city to death. Twice – but this is the first time…

 

 

JUDGE DREDD CASE FILES 2:

THE DAY THE LAW DIED 7-8

Judgement Day / Exodus to Mutant Land (progs 96-97)

 

The insanity of Chief Judge Cal is such that he sentenced Mega-City One to death – twice.

The first occasion is prompted by Judge Dredd’s failed popular uprising against the Chief Judge. Of course, Cal is very orderly about it, starting in sector 1 of the city (with the intention of proceeding in numerical order through all the sectors) with its citizen population being queued in alphabetical order (from Aaron A. Aardvark through to Zachary Zzizz) to the execution stations. Although that would seem to have the obvious flaw of being slow, and moreover, allowing ample opportunity for the population of the next sector to flee in advance – or indeed the city in general to do so, as subsequently occurs.

 

Fortunately (albeit not for Aaron Aardvark), Judge Dredd and his resistance have their own perspective, as well as a plan to act on it – abducting Cal’s lieutenant SJS Judge Slocum as part of a greater plan to exploit Cal’s insanity to save the city with a fish. And within an hour, Slocum is at the place of execution – with the casualty of Dredd’s plan, Deputy Chief Judge Fish, in hand (as opposed of course to the unfortunate casualties of Cal in that first hour).

The plan works! Cal immediately cancels the executions for an equally historic event, the funeral of Judge Fish – complete with a grand procession from the Hall of Justice itself, led by Cal in pride of place behind the noble fish’s ashes in a golden bowl.

However Cal doesn’t take it too well when the streets are deserted – “You ungrateful scum! You dare! I spare all your lives and you dare to insult me this way!”

 

 

By the way, Brian Bolland did the best art of Cal ranting and I am here for it – including what might well be characterized as Cal’s catchphrase, “You dare!”(in sheer exclamation).

Meanwhile, the population is prepared to flee the city for the Cursed Earth. Judge Dredd barely survived the Cursed Earth in his last epic and now the people of Mega-City One find it preferable to Cal. And of course, Cal will be having none of it. His solution is the same as that of the Soviets in Berlin in 1961 (as well as more recent political platforms) – building a wall. “I want a wall around the city – a wall a mile high with searchlights and gun emplacements! I want it in three weeks!”.

The population of the city – human and robot – are conscripted into building the wall. Judge Dredd and his resistance launch guerilla attacks on sections of the wall under construction, but ultimately to no avail – the wall is constructed on schedule in three weeks. Ironically, this proved to be one of Chief Judge Cal’s only positive contributions to the city in the long-term, perhaps in parallel to his historical predecessor’s Roman construction projects. The city wall would prove to be invaluable in defending the city from subsequent threats.

In the short term, however, the wall was Cal’s final imprisonment of the city – “Now the whole city is one huge prison! There is no escape, citizens! I own you, body and soul!”

 

 

JUDGE DREDD CASE FILES 2:

THE DAY THE LAW DIED 9-13

The Hunt / Slicey, Slicey – Oncey Twicey / The Crash / Dredd Shock News / The Law & the Looney (progs 98-102)

 

The Day the Law Died settles into a pattern of Chief Judge Cal becoming progressively more insane, while Judge Dredd is on the run from one near-death escape to another as he and his resistance is hunted by Cal’s forces.

Cal’s alien Klegg mercenaries hunt down Dredd with their Klegg-hounds, essentially a cross between bloodhounds and the crocodilian Kleggs themselves. Dredd and his resistance escape the Kleggs in their ‘road-liner’, only for it to plummet 8000 feet to their apparent doom as Cal shoots the road out from under them. (They build their roads high in Mega-City One).

Dredd’s resistance goes underground – literally, as their escape vehicle plummets crashes to the so-called ‘City Bottom’ and then through it to the Under-City. As featured in earlier episodes, Mega-City One is a built-up (again, literally) conglomeration of residential blocks, buildings and roadways extending thousands of feet into the air – and in many cases, built or concreted OVER the former cities or features, now known as the Under-City, such as New York (at least in part), and in this case, the Ohio River, now nicknamed the Big Smelly from its pollution. Indeed “it got so polluted they had to concrete it over.

Cal declares “Judges, today is the third happiest day of my life”, which remains perhaps the biggest mystery of the epic for me as I have no idea as to the other two – presumably the first is his accession to Chief Judge, but the second? Anyway, Cal declares it is cause for city-wide celebration by way of the Purge.

Not a purge, but the Purge as in the films of that name – not by that name of course (although where’s the check, Purge films?), but still the same principle as a criminal Saturnalia. Cal decrees that for the next 24 hours, there will be no law – “Citizens are free to do as they wish, with no fear of arrest!” Hmmm, leave the city, perhaps? However, no one takes advantage of that obvious loophole, even though the threatened exodus of millions of citizens was the whole reason Cal built a wall only a few episodes back – or indeed, takes advantage of the Purge for any criminal activity, as the streets are deserted and the citizens hide in their blocks.

The stated reason is that “blinds are drawn and flags are at half-mast” for Dredd (come to think of it, what IS the Mega-City One flag?), although one might also speculate that other reasons may well be the citizens’ wary fear of Cal’s caprice (or each other for that matter). Cal is enraged and bans happiness, as in literally outlawing happiness – “Laughter is banned! Smiling is banned! Conversation is banned! Happiness is illegal!”. Now that’s totalitarian!

Meanwhile, once again Dredd’s death has been overstated – as Dredd’s plummeting road-liner was a new design, “fitted with a crash-proof command capsule”. And “at the moment of impact, airbags inflated inside the cabin, cushioning the occupants”. Airbags?! Yeah, I’m not buying it. I don’t think any airbags are going to save you after a fall of 8000 feet and crashing through the road into the Under-City. To paraphrase Jerry Seinfeld referring to parachute helmets, after a fall like that those airbags will be wearing Dredd and his fellow judges for protection, not the other way round. It’s like Iron Man’s suit – yes, it may protect you from blows actually penetrating it but not from impact or inertia, with your body bouncing around inside the suit, or your organs bouncing around inside your body.

Anyway, Judge Dredd now fortunately finds himself an unlikely ally in the Under-City in the form of Fergee. Sigh – once again, the bile rises from the 1995 Judge Dredd film’s mangled adaptation of plot elements of The Day the Law Died. It may not be quite so bad as Judge Griffin – one of the leading figures of Dredd’s resistance in the storyline from the comics – being effectively cast into the villainous role of Cal himself, but it’s close.

In the film, Fergee is played by Rob Schneider as everyday Mega-City One citizen and the wimpy comic sidekick to Stallone’s Dredd. True – the Fergee of the comic storyline is something of a comic relief character, as a somewhat child-like simpleton, but he’s anything but a wimp. Indeed, he’s a hulking musclebound brawler so tough he made himself King of the Big Smelly armed only with a baseball bat – and immediately proceeds to go toe-to-toe with Dredd himself in one-on-one combat. Besides, no one deserves to be played by Rob Schneider. Perhaps not even Rob Schneider.

Fergee will also prove to be a decisive ally to Dredd’s opposition to Cal – and savior of the city itself – after of course Dredd proves his worth by beating Fergee in that one-to-one combat, which Fergee takes in good humor, laughing it off and becoming best friends with Dredd. You have to give Fergee credit – no one can call him a bad loser!

In the meantime, once again channeling his historical model for insanity and vanity, Judge Cal is auditioning the cast for a televised drama to commemorate his victory over Dredd. You…don’t want to see the poor misshapen people he’s dredged up for the role of Dredd. For the role of himself, he of course has picked vid-star Conred Conn, “the handsomest man of the world”. Small problem – Conn has retired and doesn’t want the part but that’s nothing a casual threat of decapitation can’t change…

 

 

 

JUDGE DREDD CASE FILES 2

THE DAY THE LAW DIED 14-15

Fergee’s Place / Trapped! (progs 103-104)

 

The Day the Law Died continues to play out with the efforts of Judge Dredd’s resistance – with their new ally Fergee who accommodates them in his Under-City hideout, a former car mechanic “body shop” – to defeat Cal. Fergee gives them his unsurprising backstory – he’s the sort of hulking brute that normally would be in trouble with the Law, despite his apparent good humor, and indeed did so he hid out in the Under-City, where his size and strength make him the equivalent of some sort of feudal king.

More importantly, while at Fergee’s hideout Dredd and his resistance correctly surmise how they alone remain unaffected among Mega-City judges. Judge Cal prepared the subliminal daily crime briefings for the judge force and programmed them for hypnotic obedience to him. It all fits – the Academy of Law tutors didn’t attend the briefings, Dredd was in the Cursed Earth and Giant was on a “month’s leave”. Wait – Mega-City judges have leave?! What do they do with it? That…doesn’t really feature in other story-lines. Despite that story-line quibble, it certainly shows Cal to be a cut above his historical predecessor Caligula – and to demonstrate cunning or intelligence quite apart from his growing insanity.

Dredd hatches a plan for his resistance force – “Easy…we break into Justice H.Q. and use Cal’s own tapes against him. And we do it with the help of our new friend.”

Hmm – that plan doesn’t sound “easy”, Judge Dredd. And indeed it isn’t – as we shall see, it relies on Walter the Wobot once again saving Judge Dredd from one of Mega-City One’s crises (that makes two now with the previous one being the Robot Wars – a third will be added with the Apocalypse War).

Even more so, it ultimately succeeds through a series of incredibly lucky break, albeit one that arises that Cal’s own insanity, poetically enough.

Anyway, the first step in the plan is Fergee taking Judge Dredd back to the surface, where Mega-City One remains under nightly curfew – and which leads to my Mega-City Law equivalent of a title drop drinking game, taking a shot for Dredd’s image excerpted for the Case Files volume cover.

Here the image arises from Fergee being all too happy to throw down (“get heavy”) with the Judges that have sighted them – and Dredd wisely deciding discretion is the better part of valor, particularly when it comes to a Justice Department pat-wagon.

The duo flee but Dredd comes to a literal dead end (heh – Dredd’s dead end). Fortunately, Dredd improvises a plan to impersonate one of Cal’s Judges apprehending a curfew breaker, as a ruse to get the jump on the Judges in the pat wagon and take the wagon for themselves. Fergee of course takes the opportunity to “get heavy” – and Dredd deputizes him with one of the fallen Judges’ badges. Aww – they really do like each other.

That brings them to the second step of Dredd’s plan – using his robot servant Walter to do the actual role of infiltrating Justice Department to retrieve one of Cal’s briefing tapes. Finding Walter is easy enough – he’s in Dredd’s apartment. However, that apartment has unfortunately – and inexplicably given you’d think they have better things to do as Cal’s enforcers AND they think Dredd is dead – been taken over by Cal’s Klegg mercenaries…

 

 

 

JUDGE DREDD CASE FILES 2

THE DAY THE LAW DIED 16-17

Splat / Betwayal (progs 105-106)

 

There’s only one way to deal with Kleggs – “it’s clobbering time!”.

Or as Dredd’s ally Fergee puts it here, as he and Dredd start clobbering the Kleggs occupying Dredd’s apartment – “It gettin’ heavy time!”

Well, that and “easy the Ferg!” as he literally batters a Klegg with his trusty baseball bat.

After making quick work of the Kleggs, Dredd gets down to the second part of his plan – using Walter to infiltrate Justice Department to retrieve one of Cal’s hypnotic briefing tapes, with Walter using the pretext of betraying Dredd (or betwaying Dwedd as Walter’s defective speech unit puts it, hence the episode title).

One wonders why, given the almost limitless number of things that could go wrong with the plan – and indeed almost do, but for a series of incredibly lucky breaks. The obvious flaw in the plan is, as SJS Judge Slocum protests to Cal, “the whole city knows that robot is sickeningly loyal to Judge Dredd!”.

The first lucky break is that Dredd’s ploy plays right into Cal’s insanity vanity (yes I know that should be insane vanity but I couldn’t resist the rhyming play on words) – as Cal sees that as a feature not a bug, making Walter’s apparent betrayal of Dredd even more compelling as a propaganda tool. What’s worse – Cal is right as Mega-City One’s population once again shows itself to be incredibly fickle.

The second lucky break is that Slocum slips up in his protest by calling Cal crazy, which also plays into Cal’s insanity. Slocum tries to pass it off as worry on Cal’s behalf but his days are clearly numbered.

The third lucky break is that Walter is able to just stroll into the right room and retrieve one of Cal’s briefing tape, albeit a few days of propaganda pass before he can do so.

The fourth lucky break is that when Slocum catches Walter red-handed and brings Walter before Cal, that’s when Cal enacts his insane vengeance on Slocum for calling him crazy – paralyzing Slocum with some sort of anesthetic drug before Slocum can warn him about Walter, then literally pickling Slocum in one of his usual warped jokes about “curing” Slocum’s worry lines or wrinkles, playing off Slocum’s excuse for calling him crazy.

The fifth and final lucky break is that Slocum dropped the briefing tape that he had taken from Walter (to show Cal) – and Cal not only gives it (back) to Walter but also asks Walter to take it to the briefing room.

Whew – that’s quite the chain of lucky breaks for Dredd’s plan to work! One wonders if it might have been better for one of his own resistance force to simply infiltrate Justice Department headquarters instead, using the same secret passage they use later in this same epic. Yes – Walter apparently has to open it from the inside, but they drop that implausible detail in the Apocalypse War when Dredd uses it again without any such assistance.

Despite Cal’s monumental stupidity here, I can’t help but admire his “Cal is watching you” posters that are showcased in this episode.

 

 

However, despite all those lucky breaks for Dredd’s plan to work, there’s still a lot that can go wrong – and is about to…

 

 

 

 

 

“Let them hate me so long as they fear me”.

Chief Judge Cal channels his historical namesake and predecessor Caligula as he surveys his mastery of Mega-City One “on the hundredth day of his reign” – “The people are mine, Grampus, body and soul. And why…? Fear, Grampus. Fear wielded with the precision of the surgeon’s scalpel!”

Well, I wouldn’t say you wielded it like a scalpel, Cal – more like bludgeoned the city with it like a sledgehammer.

Also, holy crap! It’s only been a hundred days of Cal’s reign? !What with sentencing the city to death, building the city wall and so on – it’s seemed longer. Well, he certainly puts his namesake to shame – Caligula reigned for about six months of sanity and then somewhat over three years of insanity. I guess when you only have episodes of six pages, you have to condense things. Although, technically, shouldn’t it be The Hundred Days the Law Died…

Also note the city wall – to keep Mega-City in rather than anyone out – with that huge lettering “you are being watched” which seems somewhat superfluous with the wall itself and all those aircraft.

Of course, being Cal, he’s not happy with things being too good for him either, as the voices in his head taunt him that the only way to go from perfection is down.

 

 

 

Now that Walter has retrieved one of Cal’s hypnotic Judge briefing tapes and sent it to them (by post!), the efforts of Dredd’s resistance to undo the subliminal programming becomes a desperate race against time as Cal’s insanity comes to a head and he sentences the whole city to death. You know, for the second time. This time, it’s because he wants to preserve the “perfection” of his city for posterity – and what says perfection better than nerve gas?:

“We can go out, citizens! We can end our lives in a glorious moment of sacrifice – and preserve our perfect city forever in its finest hour! To this end, nerve gas containers have been placed in every district. At noon tomorrow, I will personally press the button to release it!”

 

 

JUDGE DREDD CASE FILES 2

THE DAY THE LAW DIED 19-20

Dredd’s Army / The Final Prog? (progs 108-109)

 

The fall of Chief Judge Cal – figuratively and literally.

As the epic draws to its conclusion, Judge Dredd and his “band of rebels” race against time to substitute their briefing tape for the subliminal hypnotic tape Chief Judge Cal uses to control the Judges in Mega-City One. Racing against time, that is, as it is the dawn of Death Day – when Cal aims to preserve the perfection of ‘his’ city with nerve gas.

Their briefing tape succeeds in dispelling Cal’s hypnotic control over the Judges – with surprising ease given Dredd’s resistance only had a few days to work on it – but we’ll circle back to that. Even Cal’s Praetorian Guard of SJS judges and Klegg mercenaries abandon him, the latter attempting to surrender but Dredd is not inclined to take Klegg prisoners.

However, Cal flees to the iconic Statue of Judgement, where he holes up with the control device for the nerve gas canisters throughout the city, poised to exterminate Mega-City One.

And the epic draws to a close like a James Bond film, with the timer ticking down the doom of the city as Dredd and his colleagues race to Cal in the head of the Statue – “in five minutes, the nerve gas control becomes active!”

Unfortunately, while Dredd’s resistance has neutralized Cal’s hypnotic control of the Judges, in the actual presence of Cal it remains too powerful to resist – and presumably also because Dredd’s rebellion substituted one night’s tape as against months of Cal’s subliminal hypnotism. There – I told you we’d circle back to that. All seems lost as the other judges immobilize Dredd and his rebel judges with Cal’s finger at the button – when Fergee, gravely wounded but still alive after Cal shot him while charging at Cal, saves the day by grappling Cal and leaping over the railing, taking Cal (and the other judges who tried to intervene at Cal’s hypnotic command) with him. In his insanity, Cal proclaims that he can defy gravity by commanding it to stop, which works out for him (and everyone else falling with him) as well as you’d expect. Which is to say, not at all, as the tyrant falls to his well-deserved death.

 

 

And the last page wraps it all up with the aftermath of the end of Cal’s reign of terror – the last Kleggs are hunted down, memorial statues are erected to Fergee as savior of the city and a new Chief Judge is appointed. With respect to the last, the judges clamor for Dredd as Chief Judge but he characteristically refuses. Instead, he proposes the most senior judge amongst his rebel judges, Judge Griffin from the Academy of Law. Of course, Chief Judge tends to be an ill-fated position within Mega-City One, but Chief Judge Griffin doesn’t do too badly in the position in subsequent episodes. As for Judge Dredd, he returns to where he is needed the most – to the streets! Ah, you’re not fooling anyone, Dredd – we all know you just hate the paperwork and politics. And with that, the Day (or technically the Hundred Days) the Law Died is (are) over.